TRIZ for Information Era, Artificial Intelligence and Systems with a Mind

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craftinginnovationtogether
c r a f t i n g i n n o v a t i o n t o g e t h e r
Inventing in an Expanding
Frontier of Ignorance
TRIZ for
Information-era
Artificial Intelligence
and Systems with a
MINDNavneet.bhushan@crafitti.com
+91 9902766961

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April 13, 2016© Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd. 2

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Congratulations and
Thank YOU
“We do not yet know
all the basic laws:
there is an expanding
frontier of ignorance”
~ Richard Feynman
(Lectures on Physics, 1962)

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“We do not yet
know all the basic
laws: there is an
expanding frontier
of ignorance” ~
Richard Feynman
(Lectures on
Physics, 1962)
Altshuller
At the dawn of the human race
mankind conquered the
illuminating power of fire.
Now we are learning to conquer
something much more powerful,
the power of mind, to penetrate
and illuminate an unknown future

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Laws and Life ?
First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy of the
Universe is constant.
Second Law of Thermodynamics : The Entropy of
the Universe always increases.
Living creatures – are they an example of anti-thesis
to second law?
“Living creatures confound the usual computation of
entropy. More generally so does information” ~
James Gleick in “The Information”
From observations and measurements, the
physicists derive scientific laws; with these laws,
people create machines never seen in nature,
with the most improbable structure.

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What Life does – it Evolves!
Charles
Darwin !
Question :
Why evolution
missed the
“wheel”? Left
it to humans
to invent?

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…. But then it seems so does everything else -
The Theory of Evolution – Explaining Human
Cultural Evolution!
Matt Ridley, “the way the human
history is taught can therefore
mislead, because it places far too
much emphasis on design, direction
and planning, and far too little on
evolution”.
“The way in which the
streams of human culture
flow is gradual, incremental,
undirected, emergent and
driven by natural selection
among competing ideas.
And though it has no goal in
mind, cultural evolution none
the less produces functional
and ingenious solutions to
problems – what biologists
call adaptations.”

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Universe as an Evolutionary System
– a new understanding (NASA report 2009)
• Cosmic Evolution, the idea that the
universe and its constituent parts are
constantly evolving, has become widely
accepted only in the last 50 years. — a
century after Darwin proposed that
evolution by natural selection applies to
life on our own planet
• Cosmos and Culture : Cultural Evolution in a Cosmic
Context / Steven J. Dick and Mark Lupisella,
editors. (NASA Report 2009)
Emergence of
Order, Form and
Structure

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INVENTION and “Method of INVENTING”
9
• New and Non-obvious Technical
Solution to a Problem (Patent Law)
– New (Novel) in the whole world?
– Non-obvious (there is an
inventive step)
– Technical solution (“techne”,
Greek for "art, skill, cunning of
hand“)
– Problem (usually a conflict,
contradiction or change)
• Our method of Inventing
TRIAL and ERROR
• INEFFICIENT PROCESS
• TIME CONSUMING
• RANDOM
• LEAVING IT TO
SERENDIPITOUS INSIGHT IN
THE MIND – ARCHIMEDES
EUREKA MOMENTS
• IDEAS COME TO PREPARED
MINDS

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SYSTEM AND FUNCTION
10
• System - from fundamental principles point of view
– set of elements working together to achieve an
objective or perform a function.
– set of elements (Energy-matter organized in space-time) working together
(exchanging energy and information) to achieve an objective or perform a
function (Create Change - in Matter, Energy and Information in Space-
time).
• When the system is achieved by thought and
consciousness we make systems artificial – A
TECHNICAL SYSTEM
System

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TRIZ - SYSTEMS EVOLVES TOWARDS IDEALITY
11
• Altshuller was the first to realize that the direction of progress,
or technical evolution, is defined by increasing the ideality
level
• An Ideal system does not exist, but all of its functions are
fulfilled at the right time and at the right place — without
energy, substance, or other resources, and without any ill
effects.
Ideality provides an overall starting
point for thinking – rather than
searching in the current “mess”
Searching for a needle
in a Haystack!

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TRIZ LAWS OF SYSTEM EVOLUTION
12
Paths to IDEALITY
1. Law of Increasing
Degree of Ideality -
Increasing Ratio ->
Benefits/Harm (cost)
2. Law of Non-uniform
evolution of subsystems ->
Leads to System Conflicts
Trial and Error
• Technical
Contradictions
• Physical
Contradictions
• Administrative
Contradictions
• Inventive Principles
• Separation
Principles
3. Law of
Transition to
a higher
Level system
-> from
simple to
more
complex
4. Law of
Increasing
dynamism
(flexibility)
-> More
adaptable to
change
5. Law of Transition to
micro-level
-> Increasing
fragmentation
6. Law of Completeness
-> Gradual Elimination
of Human Component
7. Law of Shortening of
Energy Flow Path ->
Reduction in
Energy/Info
transformation stages
8. Law of Increasing
controllability ->
Evolution of controlled
interactions of system
elements
9. Law of Harmonization of rhythms -> Synchronization of
natural frequencies of elements

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TRIZ - 5 Levels of Invention
13
Increasing
Strength
Strong
Inventions –
Level 3 to
Level 5

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INVENT STRONG - FRAMEWORK
14
• Changes in the System
Hierarchy –
New/alternative
operating principles of
the system
• Laws of System
Evolution
– Resolving System
Contradiction
– Moving along the laws
of system evolution
Paths to IDEALITY – 9
Laws of System
Evolution
How to Invent Strong – A Framework
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf
m?abstract_id=2514807

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INVENT STRONG - FRAMEWORK
15
• Changes in the System Hierarchy
– New/alternative operating
principles of the system

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Quantifying the level of Invention in a Patent –
Using Crafitti’s Strength of Invention Tool
http://aitriz.org/triz-articles/inside-triz/653-levels-of-innovation
April 13, 201616 ©
APPLE Filed this
patent in 2005
It’s a Level 2 Invention

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Height of Inventive Step – Using Laws of
Evolution
April 13, 201617 ©

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Quantifying the Height of Inventive Step
April 13, 201618 ©

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10 Jan 2006
Power System
•Violence
•Wealth
•Knowledge
•Knowledge based Violence &
Wealth
•Violence & Wealth based
knowledge
Structure
of World
Technological
Systems
•Information Technology
•Industrial Automation
•Genomics
•Bio-Technology
•Smart Materials
•Nanotechnology
•Propulsion Technology
Geo Political System
•Bipolarity/ Multi-polarity
•Multinational Companies controlling
the world
•Reducing Value of Nation State
Social System
•Rise of the Individual/Ethnic/Religious
groupings
•Nuclear/Single parent family system
•Rise of dissatisfaction
Economic System
•Small more Networked
Organizations
•Rapid Changes in the way wealth
is generated
•Low tariff barriers
•Common Currencies and
compatible economic systems
•Low entry barriers
Organization Forms
•Hierarchies shifting to Networked form of
Organization
•Hierarchical Networks
•Networked Hierarchies
Bhushan N and Rai K., Strategic Decision Making, Jan 2004, Springer, UK.
World is a Continuous Dynamic Flux

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Nature
is
Fractal!
Wheel could have come only from a “linear mind”– Human mind –
because there are no smooth surfaces in nature – for wheel to
emerge there should have been a need for it in the environment !

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Black Swan – The impact of
the highly improbable
• “I cannot accept a pretense of
science. I much prefer a
sophisticated craft, focused on
tricks, to a failed science looking
for certainties” Nassim Nicholas
Taleb

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Anti-Fragile
Soviet-Harvard Illusion
“Lecturing Birds on flight
and thinking that the
lecture caused their skill
at flying” Nassim Nicholas Taleb

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MIND
• THOUGHT
• CONSCIOUSNESS
• POWER
The STEMI-C-TCP Model
STEMI
• SPACE-TIME
• ENERGY-MATTER
• INFORMATION
Crafting New Choices - Innovation and Decision-
Making in the Globalizing World
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstra
ct_id=2322325
Agriculture Era
Industrial Era
Information Era

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(Revisit) Technical Systems in - Information Era
A technical system is a set of elements that interact with each other and possibly
with the environment to deliver "what something is used for - a useful or
usable state" through transforming either its own state or the state of the
environment in which it exist - which. we call as delivering a function.
A technical system - since it is a transformation from one state to another must
have structure to fulfil its functions. The structure needs information. It has
to have information about states - or it has to be designed/structured for
processing information - which gets manifested in transformation to multiple
states.
The more “information” the system uses for performing its designated function
the more “automated” it becomes and move to an ideal systems – (TRIZ law
of reducing human involvement)
How to make our technical systems informed ? – SOFTWARE

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TRIZ - Ideality in the Information Era
Information Era
– Machine with
Software !

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WHAT IS SOFTWARE ….
April 13, 201627 ©
Software has been defined as (1) instructions (computer
programs) that when executed provide desired function
and performance, (2) data structures that enable the
programs to adequately manipulate information, and (3)
documents that describe the operation and use of
programs.
Software has considerably different characteristics than those of hardware
• Software is developed or engineered; it is not manufactured in
the classical sense
• Software doesn’t “wear-out”
• Most software is custom-built, rather than being assembled from
existing components (That may be changing to some extent now …

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Brooks – in Mythical Man-month
• Brooks describes the essence of
software entity as a construct of
interlocking concepts: data sets,
relationships among data items,
algorithms and invocation of functions.
Since this construct is abstract – in the
sense that conceptual construct remains
same under different representations, it
is difficult to build. According to Brookes’
this irreducible essence of modern
software systems: complexity,
conformity, changeability and invisibility
make it inherently difficult to build.
April 13, 201628 ©

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Abstract Model of SOFTWARE
• Software at the generic level is about data – processing, communication and
representation. The output of data processing leads to information on which
further three operations can be performed, i.e., processing, communication
and representation. We can represent this fact as below - Processing,
communication and storage/representation of data, information and
knowledge can be defined as the software technology at the abstract level.
April 13, 201629 ©
DATA
Processing
Representation
/ Storage INFORMATION
KNOWLEDGE
Processing
Communication
Fig. 5.1 Software technology in the abstract form

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The act of design is a “goal-oriented,
constrained, decision-making,
exploration & learning activity
which operates within a context,
which depends upon the designer’s
perception of the context”
J.S. Gero, Design Prototypes: A Knowledge Representation Scheme for
Design, AI Magazine, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1990.
Design is far more widespread
and encompassing than what we
usually call software design
Kruchten P., Software Design in a Post Modern Era, IEEE
Software, Mar-Apr, 2005.
Software Design – Past, Present &
Future
Structured
Methods/
Functional
Decomposition
70s 80s 90s 00s
Object Oriented
Design Approaches
Software
Architecture
Service Oriented Architecture
Model Driven Development
Aspect Oriented Software Development
XP/Agile Methods
No Silver Bullet
ExtentofUse

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Software System Evolves!
 Functionality of Software System (Requirements)
 Requirements constructed into structure
 Deployment and Usage creates new requirements (new
functionality)
 Software system changes structure through
– Addition of new structural elements (e.g. new functionality)
– Changes (e.g. bug-fixing) in the existing system
 Evolutionary nature of software systems keeps on increasing
system complexity

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Software System Evolution – Complexity Increases
Complexity
Time
Initial Software Design
Major Design
Change
New
Functionality –
Redesign and
New patch
The Final
Software
System –
Highly
Complex

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Software Complexity
Complexity is Increasing!
Non-physical nature of software systems, where
intuition, experience and judgment of experts
plays more important role than quantitative and
measurable metrics of the traditional engineering
world.
How can we craft “Systems of Systems” and “Ultra
Large Systems” – Are we creating the approaches
for these?

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The way we are handling it…
Complexity leads to Emergence
“I know English but none of my neurons do”
– Ray Kurzweil, “Singularity is Near”
The Evolutionary Approach
A complex system that works is invariably found to have
evolved from a simple system that worked. A complex
system designed from scratch never works and cannot be
patched up to make it work –
Grady Booch

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The needs of the future – Ultra Large Systems
(ULS) Design
“These technologies and methodologies (SOA, W3C, MDA, HPC,
Global Command & Control Systems, Global Information Grid,
Network Centric Systems) and others …. In key ways, however,
each is deficient in meeting the challenges associated with ULS
systems of the future.
None addresses the set of root characteristics of ULS systems or
the complexity stemming from the scale and the ecosystem
nature of ULS systems.
Dealing with these characteristics, challenges, and complexity at the fidelity needed for
ULS systems requires a new generation of research areas that are informed by—but not
necessarily constrained by—the existing technology base.”
“Ultra Large Scale Systems – Software Challenge of the Future”, SEI Book, 2006

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Why TRIZ missed
information Era?
There were no Software
Patents !

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Patent - Case Law Evolution
Gottschalk v Benson (1972) (No Software Patent)
It is conceded that one may not patent an idea. But in practical effect
that would be the result if the formula for converting BCD numerals to
pure binary numerals were patented in this case.
Parker v Flook (1978) (No Software Patent)
Respondent's method for updating alarm limits during catalytic
conversion processes, in which the only novel feature is a
mathematical formula, held not patentable under 101 of the Patent
Act.
1981 - Diamond v Diehr (Patent Granted)
The process of curing synthetic rubber depends on a number of
factors including time, temperature and thickness of the mold. A
claim drawn to subject matter otherwise statutory does not become
non-statutory simply because it uses a mathematical formula,
computer program, or digital computer.

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Why Software is Different …
April 13, 201638 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1036/957

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STEMI to MIND- Era
Technical Systems with the Mind of their own!
Artificial Intelligence (intelligence gets reflected in the
output and behavior of the system, whether the
system is conscious in the human sense or is thinking
in the human sense is not important)

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Proposed a NEW LAW
Very clearly visible in the software based Era
of technical systems that we are in!
Law of Increasing
Intelligence of
Technical Systems
http://aitriz.org/triz-articles/inside-triz/596-law-of-increasing-intelligence-of-
technical-systems

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Law of increasing intelligence of systems
http://aitriz.org/triz-articles/inside-triz/596-law-of-increasing-intelligence-of-
technical-systems
Stage 1: DUMB SYSTEMS
DUMB MUNITION - A gravity bomb, also
known as a free-fall bomb, dumb
bomb, iron bomb, or unguided bomb, is a
conventional aircraft-delivered bomb that
does not contain a guidance system and
hence, simply follows a ballistic trajectory.

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Stage 2: GUIDED SYSTEMS
GUIDED MUNITION - A "one-on-one"
munition: A specific munition engages a
specific target, which is advantageous during
close combat situations. An operator is
required in the loop to select the target and
often assist in the guidance. The munition
may be either COMMAND-TO-LINE-OF-
SIGHT (CLOS), or possess HOMING
GUIDANCE.

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Stage 3: SMART SYSTEMS
SMART MUNITION - A "many-on-many"
munition with a minimal target selection
capability that does not require an operator in
the loop. There are two prime categories of
SMART MUNITIONS: terminally guided
("hit-to-kill") and sensor fuzed ("shoot-to-
kill").

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Stage 4: BRILLIANT SYSTEMS
BRILLIANT MUNITION - A many-on-many
munition that operates autonomously to search
for, detect, identify, acquire, and attack
specific classes of targets. The sensor on each
munition acquires and attacks one among the
class of targets, so that in a battlefield situation
two munitions may attack the same target
leaving others inviolate.

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Stage 5: GENIUS SYSTEMS
GENIUS MUNITION? A Brilliant Munition
that combines the elements available in run-
time to build a specific munition to
destroy/neutralize specific targets that are
available now and predicts targets that will be
available in near future and get ready with the
specific munition that will be needed to
neutalize the futuristic targets. A form of an
autonomous Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle .

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Stage 6: TRANS-HUMAN SYSTEMS
TRANSHUMAN MUNITIONS? A Munition
beyond Human ingenuity/ intelligence

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System capability enabling parameters for next stages of evolution on
Law of System Intelligence
(More than the contradiction – we propose that these parameters need
to be incorporated for each stage)

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Crafitti’s Structure–Function Interaction Tool (SFIT)
for Law of increasing intelligence of Technical
systems

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Lines of System Intelligence under Law of
increasing Intelligence

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KEY FINAL POINTS (in Black and White)
• TRIZ has given great insights into the Laws of System Evolution in the Machine
Age – and showed the Evolution theory is applicable
• Despite the move into information era – the method of analyzing inventions
and then building laws of evolution should have been continued.
• We believe that TRIZ and its associated lenses has given a structured
systematic approach for processing current inventions and predicting through
extrapolation and knowledge analysis– As Altshuller said – MIND indeed is
powerful to penetrate the future – enabled by Evolutionary TRIZ
• In the current Information Era and emerging Mind Era –inventing will be an
active collaboration with the technical systems which are increasingly more
intelligent.
• Crafitti has been pursuing this research now for last 8 years and author has
been in this since 2002. Our results clearly indicate Inventing using TRIZ and
evolving TRIZ to uncover the laws of technological evolutions is fruitful
endeavor and leads to newer insights continuously for inventing. !

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Congratulations and
Thank YOU
“If our small minds, for some
convenience divide this universe,
into parts – physics, biology,
geology, astronomy, psychology
and so on – remember that
nature does not know it ” ~
Richard Feynman (Lectures on
Physics, 1962)

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April 13, 201655
Thank You!
Navneet Bhushan
Navneet.bhushan@crafitti.com
+91 9902766961
www.crafitti.com
ALVIS– INNOVATION
AND DECISIONS IN
GLOBALIZING WORLD

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Contents
April 13, 2016
CRAFITTI: Your Global Innovation and IP Think Tank
Crafitti offers active collaboration to craft ideas
in multiple innovation contexts.

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WHAT YOU TOLD US…
April 13, 201658
• WE DON’T KNOW WHAT’S NEXT
• WE DON’T HAVE IDEAS
• WE HAVE LOTS OF IDEAS BUT DON’T KNOW WHAT TO DO
WITH THEM
• CAN YOU HELP US INVENT
• WE HAVE LOTS OF INVENTIONS BUT WE DON’T KNOW IF
THEY CAN BE PATENTED
• WE HAVE PATENTS BUT WE DON’T KNOW HOW STRONG
THEY ARE
• WE HAVE PATENTS BUT WE DON’T KNOW THEIR VALUE
• WE HAVE PRODUCT BUT WE DON’T KNOW THE MARKET
• WE HAVE PRODUCT BUT WE DON’T KNOW TO
COMMUNICATE ITS VALUE
• WE DON’T NEED INNOVATION BUT CAN YOU BRING US
CLIENTS
WE SAID
WE ALSO DON’T
KNOW
BUT TOGETHER
WE CAN FIND
OUT
AND TOGETHER
WE CREATED
ANSWERS
Crafting
Innovation
Together

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Crafitti Consulting Private Limited
April 13, 201659
Crafting INNOVATION Together
• We co-craft end-customer value
with every mind working with us by
– Enabling Emergence of NEW
– Maximizing the LIFE of EACH
IDEA
– Empowering IDEAS
– Making Innovation Happen
– Future-proofing by creating
Future insights and forecasts

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Crafitti acts through
active collaboration to
craft innovation in
multiple contexts.
April 13, 201660 © Crafitti Consulting Private Ltd.
CRAFITTI: Your Global Innovation ThinkTank
Increasing Innovation Momentum in the Enterprise
• A systematic, time-
bound, flexible,
initiative to transform
the Enterprise into
Invention Empowered
Enterprise
• Unlike other such
initiatives we work closely
with each and every mind
of the Enterprise based
on scientific methods
honed through years of
practice
• The Enterprise is self-
enabled and
empowered to adapt to
and in fact architect
positive change
continuously

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Crafitti Consulting: Background
61
• INNOVATION RESEARCH AND
CONSULTING in business, science and
technology contexts
• Started in June 2008 and was incubated
at the NSR Centre for Entrepreneurial
Learning at IIM Bangalore
• Crafitti’s frameworks provide potent
platforms to innovate in crafting
strategies, breakthrough products, new
services, technological alternatives,
patent portfolios, process design and
embedding successful change in
organizations.

TRIZ for Information Era, Artificial Intelligence and Systems with a Mind

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