Salient Features of India constitution especially power and functions
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Chapter 2. Physical Features Of India | Geography | Class
9th CBSE
Question 1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as
(a) Coast
(b) Island
(c) Peninsula
(d) none of the above
Answer : (c) Peninsula
(ii) Mountain ranges in the eastern part of India forming its boundary with Mayanmar are
collectively called as:
(a) Himachal
(b) Uttrakhand
(c) Purvanchal (d) none of the above
Answer : (c) Purvanchal
(iii) The western coastal strip, south of Goa is referred to as:
(a) Coromandal
(b) Konkan
(c) Kannad (d) Northern Circar
Answer : (c) Kannad
(iv) The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is:
(a) Anai Mudi
(b) Kanchanjunga
(c) Mahandragiri (d) Khasi
Answer : (c) Mahandragiri
Question 2. Answer the following questions briefly.
Question (i). What are tectonic plates?
Answer : As per theory of Plate tectonics, large sheet of rocks in the earth's mantle are
called tectonics plates. These large sheets of rocks make the earth's surface move slowly.
There are some major and some minor plates which have formed the crust (upper part) of
the earth.
(ii). Which continents of today were part of the Gondwana land?
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Answer :These were: (i) India (Subcontinent) (ii) Australia, (iii) South Africa and (iv) South
America.
(iii). What is the bhabar?
Answer : A narrow belt of land measuring 8 to 16km. in width has been formed at the slope
of the Shiwalik and levelled plain land. The bhabar has been formed of pebbles brought by
the rivers flowing down from mountains.
(iv). Name three major divisions of the Himalyas from north to south?
Answer : These are: The Greater Himalyas, the Lesser or Middle Himalyas and the Shiwalik
or outer Himalayas.
(v). Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges?
Answer : It is Malwa plateau.
(vi). Name the island group of India having coral origin?
Answer : Small group of islands known as laccadive, Minicoy and Amindive was renamed in
1973 as Lakshadweep.
Question 3. The Distinguish between:
Question (i). Converging and diverging tectonic plates?
Answer :
Converging plates Diverging plates
1. The plates are moved to each other by
the force of convection currents.
1. These plates regress to and back side of
them viz. more reverse to each other thus,
create an even increasing gap .
2. They determine the converging
limitations.
2. They determine diverging limitations
3. As a result of motion towards each
other, either they collide or slide. Plates
may slide under the other.
3. As a result of adverse motion, these plates
create void between them and get immediately
filed with water body.
(ii). Bhangarg and Khadar
Answer :
Bhangarg Khadar
1. These are low plains with old
alluvial soil mixed with
pebbles.
1. The fresh deposits of alluvium every year brought down
by the Himalyans rivers makes this belt of Northern plains.
2. This belts at falls at higher
elevation than the flood plains
2. This belts is actually flood- plains.
3. The belts end in Khadar. 3. This belt of Northern plains ends in Tarai.
(iii). Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
Answer :
Western Ghats Eastern Ghats
1. They are on reverse side of Eastern
Ghats i.e. west to Deccan plateau.
1. They are situated in the east to Deccan
Plateau.
2. They are parallel to western coast
Konkan, Kannad, Malabar etc.
2. They are parallel to eastern coast i.e.
Coromandal, Northern Circar, etc.
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3. Konkan (Mumbai to Goa), Kannad
(Goa to Kerala) and Malabar (Kerala to
Kanyakumari) are the coastal plains
here.
3. Northern Circar (betwenen Mahanadi and
Krishna rivers) and Coromandal (between
Krishna and Kaveri rivers) are the coastal plains
here.
4. Bhima, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri,
Narmada, Tapi, Mahi etc, rivers are the
main rivers of this lands form.
4. Godavari, Krishna, Tungabhadra, Mahanadi,
Kaveri etc, are the main rivers of this lands form.
5. Anai Mudi with an altitude of 2695 is
the highest peak here
5. Mahendragiri with an altitude of 1501 metres is
the highest peak here.
6. They constitute western coastal plains. 6. They consist of eastern coastal plains.
7. Average height from sea level is 900
– 1600 m
7. Average height from sea level is 600 m
Question 4. Describe how the Himalayas were formed.
Answer : The collision of the Indian plates against the Eurasian plate, about 45 million year
ago, lead to the formation of the Himalyas. it is an example of continent convergence of
tectonic plates. Prior to the collision, the landmass were seperated by oceanic crust, which
in the case of Himalya was the tethys sea. In due course, the sea floor of the tethys was
consumed but the sediments on the sea floor were compressed, crumbled and folded to
give rise to Himalyas. This youngest fold mountain of the world continues to rise even today.
Question 5. Which are the major physio-graphic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of
the Himalayan region with that of the Peninsular plateau.
Answer : The major physiographic divisions of India are as follows:
The Himalyan Mountains
The Northern Plains
The Peninsular Plateau
The India Desert
The Coastal Plains
The island
Relief of Himalayan region
The Himalyan consist of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. they are:
(a) Himadri, (b) Himachal,Shiwaliks
The Himalaya has lofty peaks, glaciers and valleys. It gives rise to many snow
fed rivers
The folds of Great Himalyas are a symmetrical in nature. It is composed of a
granite core, flanked by metamorphised sediments.
Relief of Himalayan region
Peninsular plateau is a tableland, composed of the old crystalline,igneous and
metamorphic rocks.
The plateau has broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills.
The plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely the Central Highlands and
Deccan Plateau
Central Highlands are wider in the west, but narrower in the east.
The Deccan plateau is a triangular landmass that lies to the south of the
Narmada river. The plateau is higher in the the west and slopes gentaly
eastwards.
Question 6. Give an account of the Northern Plains of India.
Answer : The Northern Plains of India are one of the most important features of physiography
of India. Himalyan and peninsular rivers have made up this vast Plain by depositing alluvial
soil. It has been formed by the three major river systems-the Indus, the Ganga and the
Brahmaputra. it is most densely populated physiography division. Agriculturally, It is most
productive area because of rich soil combined with adequate water supply and favourable
climate. The Northern Plains are about 2400 km long and 240 to 320 km broad. The Northern
plains are classified into four sections due to difference in relief: Bhabar, Terai, Bhangar and
Khadar.
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Question 7. Write short notes on the following.
(i) The Indian Desert
(ii) The Central Highlands
(iii) The Island groups of India
(i) The Indian Desert
The Great Indian Desert lies to the west of the Aravali hills. It occupies a major parts of the
state Of Rajasthan and extends into Sind, Pakistan and the Thar Desert. The land is generally
flat and covered with sandy soil. it is a dry region with hardly any rivers. Streams appear
during the rainy season and disappear after that. Lake Sambhar, a salt water lake, is found in
this region.
Answer :
(ii). The Central Highlands
The part of the Peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river covering a major
area of the Malwa plateau is known as the Central Highlands. The Vindhyan range is
bounded by the Central Highlands on the south and the Aravalis on the northwest. The further
westward extension gradually merges with the sandy and rocky desert of Rajasthan. The
flow of the rivers draining this region, namely the Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa and Ken is
from southwest to northeast, thus indicating the slope. The Central Highlands are wider in the
west but narrower in the east. The eastward extensions of this plateau are locally known as
the Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand
(iii). The Island groups of India
The Island groups of India are:
Lakshadweep islands: It means's a hundred thousand islands. Now, it is a
group of 36 coral islands in the Arabian sea. It is located 300 km to the west of
the coast of India. Earlier they were known as Laccadive, Minicoy, Amindivi.
They were renamed Lakshadweep in 1973.
Andaman and Nicobar islands: These are also known as 'Bay islands',since
they are located in the Bay of Bengal. Andaman and Nicobar islands are
seperated by a deep sea known as the Ten Degree Channel, since it
coincides with the 100 N channel. Many of the islands are volcanic in nature.
================= ================== ======================
Facts One should know..
Physiographic Divisions: The Himalayas.The Northern plains. The
Peninsular plateau.
Mt. Everest (Sagarmatha): The highest peak in the world. (8848
metres.)
Kanchenjunga: The highest peak in the Himalayas in India (8598
metres).
Anai Mudi: The highest peak in the peninsular India 2698 metres high.
The Himalayas: Three parallel ranges- the greater Himalayas, the
lesser Himalayas and Shiwaliks.
Pamir knot: The roof of the world.
Glaciers of the Himalyas: Baltro and Siachen.
K2 Godwin Austin: The second highest peak of the world..
Passes in Himalayas: Zoji la, Shipkila, Nathi la, Bomdi la..
Purvanchal: Patkoi, Naga, Lushai Hills.
Sunderbans: Ganga, Brahmaputra Delta.
Rift valleys: Narmada and Tapi.
Guru shikhar: Highest peak in the Aravallies (1722 metres).
Central highlands: Aravallies, Vindhyas and Satpuras.
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