civil engineer

1. Fundamentals of GIS
GIS Applications in Civil Engineering
BY
B. RAMBABU
IV B.TECH (CIVIL) II SEM 2009-10
H.T. No: 06J61A0119
MCET, KONDAPAK, SIDDIPET, MEDAK (D.T.); A.P.
(AFFILIATED TO JNTU, KUKATPALLY, HYDERABAD, A.P.)

2. Fundamentals of GIS
INTRODUCTION
There are many fields in Civil Engg where GIS is
being employed as a tool to analyze, design and
implement effective and efficient solutions.
GIS functionalities have been used in assist in the
analysis, selection prioritization and
implementation in Civil Engg projects.
Many GIS applications have been developed in
Hydrology, Hydraulics, Surveying, Environmental,
water resources, Transportation, Geotechnics
and other fields in Civil Engg.

3. Fundamentals of GIS
FRAME WORK FOR GIS IN CIVIL ENGG
CURRICULUM
• GIS has been used in the areas of land
management, Transportation system analysis,
planning, travel demand forecasting, Highway
design, infrastructure evaluation, hydrologic/
hydraulic analysis, and modeling, utilities and
infrastructure management, environmental
monitoring, assessment analysis and modeling,
and site selection etc.

4. Fundamentals of GIS
GIS EDUCATION IN CIVIL ENGG SHOULD
INVOLVE
1.Scientific fundamentals of GIS specially
geographic and cartographic basis. GIS concepts
are such as spacial models, topography, spacial
reference, data resolution, data scale
cartographic analysis/design/ modeling, regional
analysis, network analysis, stastical analysis etc.
2. GIS curriculum in engg needs to address GIS
technologies and its IS framework such as
database theory and practice, relational and
object oriented model, data management queries,
spacial index and others etc.

5. Fundamentals of GIS
GIS uses in Civil
engineering1. Data quality issues are one of the major
concerns in civil engg. In this respect data
accuracy and precision are critical factors to
consider when using the data for civil engg
projects.
2. Analytical results cannot have a meaning unless
a certain standard for minimum quality of data is
met.
3. Accuracy is defined as the degree to which the
information on a map or digital data base
matches true, real or acceptable values.
4. Accuracy pertains the number of errors in the
dataset. Precision refers to the level of
measurement and the exactness of attribute
descriptions.

6. Fundamentals of GIS
Civi
l
Eng
ine
erin
g
App
lica
tion
s
• Transportation
• Watershed analysis

7. Fundamentals of GIS
Location-Allocation
• Finding a subset of locations from a set of
potential or candidate locations that best
serve some existing demand so as minimize
some cost
• Locate sites to best serve allocated demand
• Application areas are warehouse location,
fast food locations, fire stations, schools

8. Fundamentals of GIS
Other Transportation
Applications
• Planning & locating new roadway
corridors
(from NCRST-E)

9. Fundamentals of GIS
Transportation – Emergency
Operations
• Transportation maps are critical
• Disaster response plans can be
developed
• Outside computer models used for
advance warnings
• Land use maps enhance emergency
operations

10. Fundamentals of GIS
Mean
Household
Evacuation
Time
Standard Deviation in
Household Evacuation
Time
Mean
Household
Evacuation
Time
Standard Deviation in
Household Evacuation
Time
(1 exit route) (2 exit routes)
(from NCRST-H)
Evacuation scenario

11. Fundamentals of GIS
Watershed
Characterization
• Relate physical characteristics to water
quality & quantity
• Data – land use & land cover, geology,
soils, hydrographs & topography –
related to hydrological properties

12. Fundamentals of GIS
Watershed
Applications
• Estimate the magnitude of high-flow
events, the probability of low-flow
events
• Determine flood zones
• Identify high-potential erosion areas
• For example, BASINS, HEC-RAS,
MIKE11 models integrated with GIS

13. Watersheds Land use
Soils
types
DEM with drainage network
Hydrologic modelsHydrologic models
USGS empirical
method
TR55
Area- Discharge
method
ADAPT model
Portage River Basin, Ohio
ADAPT's Hydrological Output for Needles Creek at County Line Rd for 2001
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260
Days
Totaldailyrunoff(in)
ADAPT
Pressure Transducer

14. Fundamentals of GIS
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