This document provides an overview of biological classification, including defining key terms like vertebrate, invertebrate, amphibian, symmetry, and angiosperm. It explains that Carl Linnaeus developed the modern hierarchical classification system and used Latin names. The major kingdoms covered are archaebacteria, eubacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals. Scientists classify organisms based on structures, cells, and chemical processes, using tools like dichotomous keys.

1. Why Do We Need
Classification?
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2. Vocabulary Preview p. 276
• Vertebrate: an animal • Invertebrate
that has a backbone • The prefix –in means
• Examples – snakes, “not” so an
fish, apes, and invertebrate is an
humans. animal that does not
have a backbone
• Examples – worms,
lobster, coral, etc…
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3. Vocabulary
Amphibian: an animal that
typically begins its life in
water, then moves to land.
Examples – frogs,
salamanders and toads.
newts
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4. Vocabulary
Symmetry: a matching pattern of body shape.
. Bilateralsymmetry - when each half
of a living thing mirrors the other half
Radial symmetry – animals with radial
symmetry have body parts arranged
around a middle point. Starfish and
sea urchin are examples.
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5. Vocabulary
Angiosperm: a vascular plant that
reproduces by making flowers, fruits,
and seeds.
Examples: apple trees, corn, and
tulips.
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6. What is classification?
Classification is sorting things into groups
based on common characteristics.
How do you use classification every
day?
Ex. Different places in the kitchen for plates,
cups, silverware, etc…
Everyone uses classification all the time, not
just biologists.
Living things are grouped based on similarities
and differences.
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7. How have classification systems
changed? Which scientist invented our system
of taxonomy we use today?
Carl Linnaeus!
It is called hierarchical classification
He used Latin to describe species,
which is what we still use today (that
is why we italicize scientific names!)
Carl Linnaeus
1707-1778
Swedish Botanist
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8. How have classification systems
changed?
•Linnaeus grouped plants based on reproductive
characteristics
•Now we group plants based on phylogeny
•Phylogeny=Evolutionary history, or how the
plants are related.
•We use genetics to figure out how plants are
related.
•In Linnaeus’s day, scientists did not know what
evolution was or what DNA and genetics was.
This is how science works!
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9. Hierarchical Classification
• It starts very broad and gets more
specific
• 7 hierarchies in our system:
• Kingdom Very broad
• Phylum (Division)
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species Very specific
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10. The Classification of a Lion
• Kingdom: Animalia (animal
kingdom)
• Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrates)
• Class: Mammalia (mammals)
• Order: Carnivora (carnivores)
• Family: Felidae (cats)
• Genus: Panthera
• Species: Panthera leo
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11. Kids Playing Chicken On Freeways
Get Smooshed
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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12. The 6 Kingdoms
• Kingdoms are the largest
division-all organisms are in
one of the 6 kingdoms
• Animals
• Plants
• Fungi
• Protists
• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria
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13. How do scientists classify?
Scientists look at
• Internal and external structures
• Examples: spines, fur, gills, reproductive organs
• Individual cells
• Chemical processes within cells
• Example: photosynthesis
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14. Dichotomous Key
• Tool used to identify organisms
based on contrasting pairs of
characteristics
• A step-by-step guide to identify an
organism
– Each step gives a choice of two
descriptions.
– The descriptions have to be
opposites
•Free Powerpoint round vs. leaves not round
Ex. Leaves Templates
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15. Your turn to try it!
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks2/science/l
iving_things/variation/play/
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16. Bacteria- Two Kingdoms!
• Bacteria are small single-celled organisms
• Cells do not contain a nucleus
• Earth’s most common and numerous form
of life
• Live almost everywhere
• Microscopic
• Some is useful- bacteria in your stomach
• Some can cause disease- streptococcal
bacteria cause strep throat
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17. Two Kingdoms of Bacteria
• Archaebacteria
• Means “ancient bacteria”
• Live under extreme conditions
• Eubacteria
• Cannot survive in extreme conditions
How are archaebacteria and eubacteria similar?
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18. Protists Kingdom
• Single-celled or multicellular organisms
• Share characteristics with fungi, plants, or
animals
• Cells have nucleus & complex cell
structures
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19. Animal Like Protozoa
• Animal like protists are called protozoa –
means “first animals”
• Live wherever there is water
• Can move
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20. Plant Like Protists
• Use energy from sun to create food
through photosynthesis
– Produce oxygen as a by-product
• Can be microscopic or very large
– Ocean seaweed can be tall as trees
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21. Fungi Like Protists
• Get food from surroundings
• Some reproduce through spores
• Can move
• Attack fruits, vegetables, & animals such
as fish
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22. Fungi Kingdom
• Cells have nucleus & complex cell
structure
• Absorb their food- decomposers
• Grow quickly
• Reproduce through spores
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23. Plant Kingdom
• Many celled
• Have tissues and organs
• Have cell walls and chloroplasts
• Make their own food
• Divided into Vascular and Nonvascular
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24. Animal Kingdom
• Many-celled
• Require Oxygen
• Eat food
• Most move from place to place
• Reproduce Sexually
Scientists divide animals into two groups.
Vertebrates (animals with backbones) and
invertebrates (animals without backbones).
Let’s try this together.
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25. Let’s Review The 6 Kingdoms!
Video
• Two for bacteria- archaebacteria &
eubacteria
• Protists
• Fungi
• Plant
• Animal
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