1. Open Data
a brief introduction
Maurizio Napolitano <maurizio.napolitano@okfn.org>

2. Open Data
● Definitions
● Why
● How
● Licenses
● The Public Administrations
● OKFN support
● Discussion:
open data and P.A. organizational
change

3. DEFINITIONS

4. Definitions (DATA)
single pieces
of information
of every nature
●
descriptions of facts
● reproducible without ambiguities
● parts of larger information or knowledge structures
● can be expressed and stored in digital formats
Data → Information → Knowledge → Wisdom
http://digitalcuration.blogspot.com/2009/05/what-are-data.html

5. Definitions (OPEN)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open

6. Open Knowledge Foundation
“A piece of content or data is open if
anyone is free to use,
reuse, and redistribute it — subject only,
at most,
to the requirement to attribute and
share-alike.”
http://www.opendefinition.org/okd/

7. WHY?

8. … it is an old story :)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Snow_%28physician%29

9. Ushahidi e Haiti
Ory Okolloh
Attivista, avvocato, e
blogger kenyota

10. The power of data
Image by EpicGraphic

11. Transparency and Open
Government
My Administration is
committed to creating an
unprecedented
level of openness in
Government. We will work
together to
ensure the public trust and
establish a system of
transparency,
public participation, and
collaboration. Openness will
strengthen
our democracy and promote
efficiency and effectiveness in
Government.
Transparency and Open Government Memorandum for the Heads of
Executive Departments and Agencies (2009)
http://sunlightfoundation.com/policy/documents/ten-open-data-principles/

12. Now …
Open […] Data
http://www.trentinoopendata.eu
Open Government Data
Open Linked Data
http://opengovernmentdata.org/film/
Open Community Data
http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/tim_berners_lee_the_year_open_data_went_worldwide.html

13. HOW?

14. The correct way
http://opendatamanual.org/

15. Linked Open Data
★ make your stuff available on the Web
(whatever format) under an open license
★★ make it available as structured data
(e.g., Excel instead of image scan of a table)
★★★ use non-proprietary formats
(e.g., CSV instead of Excel)
★★★★ use URIs to identify things, so that people can
point at your stuff
★★★★★ link your data to other data to provide context
http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/star-scheme-by-example/

16. LICENSES

17. Which license
http://www.jordanhatcher.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Open_v_Public_licenses_Venn.002-001.png

18. Open Data Licenses
LICENSE BY SA Comment
Open Data Commons Public Domain N N Dedicate to the Public
Dedication and Licence (ODC PDDL) Domain (all rights waived)
Open Data Commons Attribution License Y N Attribution for data(bases)
Open Data Commons Open Database Y Y Attribution-ShareAlike for
License (ODbL) data(bases)
Creative Commons CCZero N N Dedicate to the Public
Domain (all rights waived)
http://www.opendefinition.org/licenses/
http://www.opendefinition.org/guide/data/
What Legal (IP) Rights Are There in Data(bases)

19. CC0 / ODC PDDL
PERMISSIONS CONSTRAINTS
NOTHING
SHARE
CREATE ADAPT
http://www.publicdomainmanifesto.org/
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

20. ODC AL
PERMISSIONS CONSTRAINTS
ATTRIBUTION
SHARE
CREATE ADAPT
http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/

21. ODbL
PERMISSIONS CONSTRAINTS
ATTRIBUTION
SHARE
SHARE ALIKE
KEEP OPEN
CREATE ADAPT
http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/

22. Licenses compatibility
Public domain
Attribution
Attribution – Share Alike

23. P.A. and Open Data

24. P.A. and Data
DISSEMINATE
COLLECT MANAGE UPDATE
SHARE
SERVICE PAID BY TAXES
vs
distribution at marginal cost average cost recovery
transparency optimization costs
loss of income high transaction
costs

25. a formula for making this possible
1.Leadership
also / primarily political
2.Crisis
ex. budget cuts
3.Heroes
1. (from government / administration)
people that believe is
possible, but also ready
to lose
4.(Pressure from citizens)
http://www.linkedin.com/in/laurencemillar

26. USA

27. UK

28. Two years after

29. One year after

30. more ...
http://opengovernmentdata.org/data/catalogues/

31. Italy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directive_on_the_re-use_of_public_sector_information
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codice_dell%27amministrazione_digitale

32. Regione Piemonte
Approvazione delle nuove Linee Guida regionali
in materia di riuso
Sono state approvate dalla Regione Piemonte le nuove linee guida che
definiscono come riusabili tutti i dati in possesso della Regione di tipo
aggregato/anonimo o senza vincoli di privacy e che adottano come licenza
standard la Licenza CC-zero.
Queste linee guida licenziano in automatico con licenza standard CC-zero,
anche tutti i dati ad oggi pubblicati e scaricabili dal sito istituzionale o da altri
canali istituzionali della Regione.
[...]

33. Regione Piemonte - CC0
http://www.dati.piemonte.it/blog/item/approvazione-delle-nuove-linee-guida-regionali-in-materia-di-riuso.html
[…] tutti i dati in possesso della Regione di
tipo aggregato/anonimo o senza vincoli di
privacy [..] adottano come licenza standard la
Licenza CC-zero.

34. ISTAT
[…] tutti i contenuti pubblicati [...]
Creative Commons - Attribuzione
- versione 3.0 o successiva.
[...] possibile riprodurre,
distribuire, trasmettere e adattare
liberamente dati e analisi
dell'Istituto nazionale di statistica,
anche a scopi commerciali, a
condizione che venga citata la fonte.
[...]
Non è necessaria alcuna
http://www.istat.it/it/note-legali autorizzazione per creare
collegamenti ipertestuali verso le
pagine di questo sito.
http://dati.istat.it/

35. ENEL

36. Regione Emilia Romagna

37. dati.gov.IT

38. appsforitaly.org

39. A4I – Who?

40. OKFN Support

41. Data „tools“
Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network
About the project http://ckan.org
The project http://ckan.net - http://thedatahub.org
The italian hub http://it.ckan.net
Europe support http://publicdata.eu/
World http://opendatasearch.org/
Get the data http://getthedata.org/
Under the hood
DATAPKG
http://packages.python.org/datapkg/

42. OKFN initiatives
http://opengovernmentdata.org/
http://opendatachallenge.org/
http://wheredoesmymoneygo.org/
http://openspending.org/
http://energy.publicdata.eu/ee/
http://publicdomainworks.net/
http://bibliographica.org/
VISIT US
http://www.okfn.org/
JOIN US
http://okfn.org/register/

43. References
● "Aspetti economici dell' informazione nel settore
pubblico:fondamenti teorici e approfondimenti empirici"
from the Work Package "Economics" of EVPSI - Extracting
Value from Pubblic Sector Information
http://www.evpsi.org/evpsifiles/EVPSI%20WP3_Aspetti%20economici%20dell%27informazione%20del%20settore%20pubblico_working_Apr2011.pdf
● Directive on the re-use of public sector information
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32003L0098:EN:NOT
● Open Data, Open Society a research project about openness
of public data in EU local administration
http://www.dime-eu.org/files/active/0/ODOS_report_1.pdf
● dati.gov.it – Voglio capire di più
http://www.dati.gov.it/content/voglio-capire
● Come si fa OpenData
http://www.scribd.com/doc/55159307/Come-Si-Fa-Opendata-Ver-2
Associazione italiana per l'Open Government
http://www.datagov.it

44. open data and P.A.
organizational change
DISCUSSION
● Responsability
● Cost
● Effort
I want tell some stories ...
Terremoti, l'Ingv: «Stiamo pensando
di smettere di informare sulle scosse»
Il presidente Boschi:
«I nostri dati utilizzati per arrivare a
conclusioni che non stanno né in cielo
né in terra»
http://www.corriere.it/cronache/10_settembre_06/ingv-boschi-dati-terremoto_f8299d36-b9b0-11df-90df-00144f02aabe.shtm

45. NOT GOOD OPEN DATA PRACTICES
http://blog.okfn.org/2011/06/07/when-washington-dc-took-a-step-back-from-open-data-transparenc

46. Slides created for the course
Organizzazione dei sistemi informativi aziendali
Prof David Hakken
http://www.soic.indiana.edu/people/profiles/hakken-david.shtml
Facoltà di sociologia
Università degli studi di Trento
Open Data a brief introduction by Maurizio Napolitano <napo@fbk.eu> is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribuzione 3.0 Unported License.