Principle of Hatchery

1. Basic Hatchery
Requirements

2. .
Hatchery
Hatchery is a machine
which provides the basic
requirement forthe
development of embryo
into a health chick

3. .
Oology
The branch of science
which deal with the study
of eggs is known as
Oology
Egg
A chamberthat provides
nourishment and
protection forthe growth
and development of
embryo inside it

4. .
Embryo
The earliest development
of germinal disk within
egg until it hatches

5. .
Hatchling
A chick from a recently –
hatched egg

6. .
Germinal disk
A small, circular, white
patch on the uppersurface
of yolk, containing cell
from which the chick
develops if the egg is
fertilized

7. .
Incubation
Process by which
birds /hatchery hatch
theirfertile eggs
Incubation
Period
The time during which
incubation takes place

8. Incubation Periods of Avian
Species
.
1 Hen 21 Days
2 Quail 21-23
3 Duck 28
4 Turkey 28
5 Ostrich 35-49

9. Incubation Methods
 Natural Incubation  Artifical Incubation

10. Natural Incubation
 Forsmall scale household purpose
 Required by MediumSizeHen
Characterized by
 Ruffled feathers
 Loosing feathers underwing &legs
 Free from parasite (External &Internal)
 Capacity of eggs 12-15 eggs/hen
 Housing dimension 14*14*16
 Clean nesting material
 Check eggs at 9th
&16th
day fordead in shell

11. .

12. Artificial Incubation
 TWO TYPES (small and large )
 SMALL
CAPACITY ------50-500
POSITION ------Flat
VENTILATION ---Natural Source
TURNING -------3-5 times manually
normal temperature requirement
1-7 days--------102.5-103.5 o
F
8-18 days-------102o
F
19-21 days ------101o
F

13. .
 LARGE (two types)
 I)--Mammoth/Cabinet /Forced draft incubators
 II)-Walk in Incubators
Capacity---10,000 –400,000 eggs
Two MajorParts
A B
Setter Hatcher

14.  Setter
 From 1-18 days
 Broaderend up &Pointerend at bottom
 Turning automatically--------6-8 times
 It has multiple trays
 Ventilators forVentilations
 Heat source –electricity with fansfor uniform
distribution
.

15. Setter
. .

16.  Hatcher
 19-21 days
 1/3 capacity of setter
 No turning
 Heat source –electricity with fansfor uniform distribution
.

17. Hatcher
. .
 .  .

18. Temperature
 Setter
99.5o
F
 Hatcher
99o
F
Effect of High Temperature
smaller / weak chick
unhealed naval
missing eyes & brain
Effect of Low Temperature
delayed chicks
sticky chicks

19. Humidity
 %age of moisture in
air
 Setter
54-60%
 Hatcher
75-86%
Effect of High Humidity
less evaporation
hatching delayed
soft abdomen chicks
Effect of Low Humidity
excess loss of water
early hatching
dehydrated chicks

20. Ventilation
 Crossing of fresh gasses with foul gasses
 Normal Co2 level-------0.3%
Above 0.5%-----------reduced hatchability
Above 2%-------------0% hatchability

21. Altitude
 High altitude – reduced hatchability
 Normal hatchability is –85%
 At 2500 ft--------85%
 At 4950 ft--------74%
 At 7160 ft--------64%
Recommended sea level –2500 ft

22. Position of eggs
 Position of egg is Broaderend up &Pointer
end at bottom
 If broaderend at bottom
50% dead in seal due to non-establishment of
pulmonary respiration

23. Turning of eggs
 Normal turning angel 40-45o
each side
 6-8 times turning /24 hours
 If turning in circle
 it will rapture allantois membrane
Normal turning provides
 uniform temperature
 reduce sticky chicks
 50% dead in shell due to non-establishment of pulmonary respiration