Presentation about - Semantic Web - Overview -Semantic Web Web of Data, Giant Global Graph, Data Web, Web 3.0, Linked Data Web, Semantic Data Web, Enterprise Information Web, HTML, CSS,

1. Online and Social Media Management
Santhosh N Basavarajappa
04/04/2017
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2. Online and Social Media Management
Santhosh N Basavarajappa
09/05/2017
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3. Semantic Web
Web of Data
Giant Global Graph
Data Web
Web 3.0
Linked Data Web
Semantic Data Web
Enterprise Information Web
Topic for discussion3

4. Structure for Discussion
1.0 Evolution of the Web
2.0 Web 1.0 and Web 2.0
3.0 Semantic Web
4.0 Sematic Web building blocks
5.0 Conclusion
6.0 References
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5. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee
1.0 Evolution of the Web5

6. 6 1.1 The first World wide Web
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html Image Source : CERN

7. 1.2 Web Technologies
A global map showing the availability of the World Wide Web in the 2010s Image Source ; Wikipedia
 HTML – Hyper text markup Language
 HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
 Web services
 Web Browsers
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8. 2.0 Web 1.0 (Static web – One Way)
 Started a linking web pages and hyperlink on a world wide web
 Used as “ Information sharing portal"
 Dividing the world wide web into usable directories
 Concept was based on theme of “Put the content together”
 Everyone has their personal own little corner in the cyberspace
 Media companies put content in the web and pushes it to user. using
web 1.0 Companies Like BBC,CNN able to get online.
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9. 2.1 need for Web 2.0
When we got a grip on the technical part, web became clearer and then
we discover
 Power of Networks
 Power of Links
 Power of Collaboration
 Power of content and reach
 Power of Friends
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10. 2.2 Web 2.0 ( Read / Write – Two Way)
Its term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an
increasing emphasis on human collaboration.
 It is a platform that gives users the possibility (liberty) to control their
data.
 This is about user-generated content and the read-write web.
 People are consuming as well as contributing information through
blogs or sites like Facebook, YouTube, Blog….. etc.
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11. 2.2.1 Technology behind Web 2.0
Web2.0 still uses most of the technologies present behind internet such as
XHTML standards,style sheets,content syndication,AJAX and flash etc.
1) Content Syndication
2) Ajax-based Internet Technology: A-Ja-X
3) DOM: Document Object Model(DOM)
4) REST: Representational State Transfer(REST)
5) XML and CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)
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12. It has three parts:
1) Rich Internet application (RIA)
2) Web-oriented architecture (WOA)
3) Social Web
2.2.2 Concept of Web 2.0
As such, Web 2.0 draws together the capabilities of client- and server-side software,
content syndication and the use of network protocols.
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13. 2.2.3 Vulnerabilities in Web 2.0
1) Cross Site Scripting
2) Cross Site Request Forgery.
3) SQL Injection.
4) Authentication and Authorization Flaws.
XSS Worms
Mashups
5) Information Leakage.
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14. 2.3.4 Example for a Search in Web
• I am hungry
• I want to Eat apple now
• I want to know how much it cost?
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15. Conti… 115

16. Conti… 216

17. Conti… 317

18. Conti… 3
Lets see what Jarvis can do ??
Source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yubRtNYnZQ
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19.  Not very intelligent, but how can a computer know what I mean?
 When we structurally describe that a apple is a fruit and Cost should be in
Euro , Rewe is kind of Retail shop and country is Germany
 Describing data in a structured way can best be done in a database.
 Different databases can be connected.
Conti… 419

20.  A database with Fruits
 A database with Cost / Currency
 A database with Retail Shops
 A database with Area /Region
 A database of County
Conti…20

21. 3.0 Semantic Web – What is about ??
 1969: paper Semantic Information Processing by Ross Quillial
 1980s: CYC and WordNet
 mid- to late 1990s: Tim Berners-Lee coins the term Semantic Web
 Semantics = meaning (from Greek)
 Set of practices and standards
 Allowing machines to understand data
 Ease sharing and mixing data
 Extend the World Wide Web rather than replace it
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22. 22 3.2 – 4 Levels of Semantics
Amazon

23. 23 3.2 – 4 Levels of Semantics
Biological scientists
Parent – child classification
Word relationship
2.Taxonomy

24. 24 3.2 – 4 Levels of Semantics
3.Theasaurus
a) Associative
b) Homographic
c) Hierarchical
d) Equivalence
Represent using the diagram

25. 25 Role / Skill of DM

26. 26 3.2 – 4 Levels of Semantics
4.Ontology
Extended version of the taxonomy
meaningful relationship between
the attributes and the terms
Food Items - Edible
Fruits
Apple
* Bio
* Type A..etc
Banana

27. 3.1 Web 3.0 ( Read / Write – Intelligent)
Semantic Web
 It is a Web of data.
 changing the web into a language that can be read and categorized by
the system rather then humans.
Artificial Intelligence
 Extracting meaning from the way people interact with the web.
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Semantic systems are designed to capture the logic that will allow them to
understand these types of relationships within data and use them to create
new facts about the data.

28. 4.0 Semantic Web building28

29. 1. URL is a type of URI
2. The part that makes a URI a URL is the inclusion of the
“access mechanism”, or “network location”,
e.g. http:// or ftp://.
3. The URN is the “globally unique” part of the identification; it’s
a unique name.
4.1 URL , URN and URI …29

30. 30
Example
4.1 URL , URN and URI … Conti…

31. HOW DO MACHINES KNOW WHAT DATA ?
Identity + Definition + Structure
4.2 Resource Description Framework
Data – Is the set of information
Metadata – is "data [information] that provides
information about other data"
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32. IDENTITY + DEFINITION + STRUCTURE
 Machines need a unique, consistent way to identify a thing or concept.
 People can usually tell by context, but a machine needs a unique identifier to
be able to make connections or distinctions.
Examples : Standard identifiers
ISBN : International Standard Book Number
ISMN: Music
ISAN : Audiovisual works
Conti…32

33. Define classifications, properties, relationships, and logic
Blackberry1 is a type of Fruit
A Fruit is an Edible Thing
Blackberry2 is a type of Wireless E-mail Device
A Wireless E-mail Device is a Mobile Electronic Device
Properties of Edible Things:
Seasonal –Yes/No
Calories –#
Ingredients (optional) –other Edible Things
A Mobile Electronic Device can never be an Edible Thing
IDENTITY + DEFINITION + STRUCTURE
Conti…33

34. MicroFormats–uses XHTML & HTML markup to embed meaning in a webpage
hCard for contact information hCalendar for events
<span class="vevent">
<span class="summary">This presentation was given</span>
on <span class="dtstart">2017-04-04</span>
at the Cologne Business School
in <span class="location">Cologne, Germany</span>.
</span >
Machine Tags (folksonomy) –definition added to simple user tagging
flora:tree=coniferous
upcoming:event=81334
IDENTITY + DEFINITION + STRUCTURE
Conti…34

35. A simple data model for –
Formally describing the semantics of information in a machine accessible way
– representing meta-data (data about data)
• A set of representation syntaxes
– XML (standard) but also N3, Turtle, …
• Building blocks
–Resources (with unique identifiers)
– Literals
– Named relations between pairs of resources
(or a resource and a literal)
A language for representing information about resources in the World
Wide Web”
4.3 Resource Description Framework35

36. 36 4.2 Resource Description Framework
Image Source ; Article : Semantic Web and Linked Data

37. doc.html has for author Fabien
and has for theme Music
doc.html has for author Fabien
doc.html has for theme Music
( doc.html, author ,Fabien)
( doc.html, theme ,Music )
37 4.2 Resource Description Framework

38. <rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-
rdf-syntax-ns#”
xmlns:inria="http://inria.fr/schema#" >
<rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://inria.fr/rr/doc.html">
<inria:authorrdf:resource=
"http://ns.inria.fr/fabien.gandon#me"/>
<inria:theme>Music</inria:theme>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
Conti…38

39. 39 4.2 Resource Description Framework
Example

40. 40
Metadata – in XML
4.2 Resource Description Framework

41. 41 4.2 Resource Description Framework

42. • Simple but expressive data model
• Global identifiers of all resources (URIs)
– Reduces ambiguity
• Easier incremental data integration
– Can handle incomplete information (Open World Assumption)
• Schema agility
• Graph structure
– Suitable for a large class of tasks
– Data merging is easier
42 4.3 RDF - Advantages

43. 4.4 SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language
SQL-like query language for RDF data
• Simple protocol for querying remote databases over
HTTP
• Query types
– select – projections of variables and expressions
– construct – create triples (or graphs)
– ask – whether a query returns results (result is
true/false)
– describe – describe resources in the graph
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44. • List of namespace prefixes
– PREFIX xyz: <URI>
• List of variables
– ?x, $y
• Graph patterns + filters
– Simple / group / alternative / optional
• Modifiers
– ORDER BY, DISTINCT, OFFSET/LIMIT
4.4.1 Anatomy of a SPARQL query44

45. RDF Schema (RDFS)
• RDFS provides means for:
– Defining Classes and Properties
– Defining hierarchies (of classes and properties)
• RDFS differs from XML Schema (XSD)
– Open World Assumption vs. Closed World
Assumption
– RDFS is about describing resources, not about
validation
• Entailment rules (axioms)
– Infer new triples from existing ones
4.5 RDF Schema (RDFS)45

46. 4.6 Web Ontology Language (OWL)
• More expressive than RDFS
– Identity equivalence/difference
sameAs, different From, equivalent
Class/Property
• More expressive class definitions
– Class intersection, union, complement,
disjointness
– Cardinality restrictions
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47. 4.6 Rule Interchange Format (RIF)
Goals
– Define a framework for rule languages for the
Semantic Web
• If <condition> then <conclusion>
– Define a standard format/syntax for
interchanging rules
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48. 5.0 Web 1.0 , Web 2.0 and Web 3.048

49. 5.1 Web evaluation – Snapshot49
Source : Radar Networks and Nova Spivack 2007 www.networks.com

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