This presentation highlights the potential of innovation for development (Africa, India).

1. Innovation for Development
Nicolas Chevrollier

2. TNO
• Knowledge for business
• Independent of public and private
interests
• In depth knowledge on markets and
TNO Quality TNO Defence, TNO Science
technology of Life Security and and Industry
TNO Built
Environment
TNO Informa-
tion and
Safety
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Geosciences
Communicati
on
employees Technology
• 5 core areas
• TNO Quality of Life: Work and Employment, Chemistry, Prevention and Healthcare,
Innovation Policy, Pharma, Food and Nutrition
• TNO Defence, Security and Safety: Defence Industry, Aviation, Security and Safety,
Maritime
• TNO Science and Industry: Automotive, Sports, Care and Medical Systems, Process
industry , Space and Science Instrumentation
• TNO Built and Environment and Geosciences: Subsurface, Building and
Construction, Environment, Oil and Gas, Traffic and Transport
• and TNO ICT, One of the largest ICT knowledge centres in Europe (telecom, IT)
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3. Goals of the Webinar
• Provide an helicopter view of innovation for development via an
illustrative approach
• Inspire you to innovate in emerging regions
• Create an IEEE momentum on the topic
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4. Outline
• Setting the scene
• What is innovation?
• Why is it relevant to emerging regions?
• Guidelines
• Innovation in products/services
• Zoom-in: ICT sector
• Innovation in market based approaches
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5. Outline
• Setting the scene
• What is innovation?
• Why is it relevant to emerging regions?
• Guidelines
• Innovation in products/services
• Zoom-in: ICT sector in Africa
• Innovation in market based approached
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6. What is innovation?
• The exploitation of new ideas
• More than invention
• Diffuse to the public/market and exploited in some way
• Different types
• product innovation
• Process innovation
• Marketing innovation
• Organizational innovation
• An innovation could be:
• Incremental: adapted or modified
• Radical/disruptive: completely new ideas
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7. Target group
• Emerging regions
• Base of the Pyramid
Source: World Bank
< $3000
source: http://www.wri.org
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8. Why innovation for development? (1)
• «innovate or perish»
• solutions to challenges of emerging regions
• Innovation often comes from constraint
Source: Ethan Zuckerman ,http://www.ethanzuckerman.com/blog/
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9. Challenges!
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10. Why innovation for development? (2)
• Primary driver of business, financial and economic growth
• Competitive advantage
• Deliver high-quality jobs
• Provide better products
Social Impact
Source: http://www.wri.org/publication/the-next-4-billion
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11. Solving health challenges
• LifeStraw®
• Portable water filter for prevention of common diarrhoeal disease
• Can be carried around for easy access to safe and clean drinking
water.
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12. Solving Energy challenges
• Solar Cooker
• Used in Nepal by refugees
TNO developed a heat battery:
conversion of thermal energy
in electricity for lighting
Source: http://www.dlightdesign.com/product_nova.html Source: http://www.envirofit.org/?q=our-products/clean-cookstoves
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13. Why innovation for development? (3)
• Emerging regions are a fertile playing field for
innovators/inventors
• Top creativity
http://makerfaireafrica.com/2009/08/27/video-maker-faire-africa-
ghana-2009/
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14. Holistic approach of innovation
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15. African Relational Western Rational
Culture? Culture Culture
Being Helped To Help
Relatio Ratio
Who What
Community Individual
Execute Execute Rights
Responsibilities
Character Credentials
Member Actor
History Future
Relationships Goods
Source: Gertjan van Stam, LinkNet, Zambia
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16. OLPC
• Technical innovation is not
enough
• Pilots successful but no
systematic evaluation.
• The system/environment was not
ready (non-technical)
• teachers
• No capacity of the partners to
scale up the distribution
• Fierce response from the PC
industry
Source: One Laptop Per Child: Vision vs. Reality, Kenneth L. Kraemer, Jason Dedrick, Prakul Sharma
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17. Co-creation
• Active participation of all stakeholders (holistic approach)
• Create awareness and ownership
• Allow to understand the structure of the local community
• Emulate peers learning
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18. Innovation for development: Guidelines
• Don’t fight culture
• Embrace market mechanisms
• Innovate on existing platforms
• Realize that problems aren’t obvious from afar
• Understand that what you have is more important than what you
lack
• Build infrastructure on infrastructure
Source: Ethan Zuckerman, http://www.ethanzuckerman.com/blog/
• Be holistic
• Co-create/ Co-design
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19. Outline
• Setting the scene
• What is innovation?
• Why is it relevant to emerging regions?
• Guidelines
• Innovation in products/services
• Zoom-in: ICT sector in Africa
• Innovation in market based approached
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20. 20

21. ICT4D impact
• e-health
• Overcome the lack of medical expertise in rural areas
• Help to register and access patient information
• e-education
• Give students in isolated areas access to education
• Help teachers to improve and disseminate study materials
• Improve learning methods
• e-governance
• Improve the information flow within and between governmental
departments
• Improve transparency towards civil society
• Engage the civil society and give voice to these without
• livelihoods/e-agriculture
• Small entrepreneurs and farmers can get access to market price
information and new markets, information on new production
methods
• Stimulate economic growth
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22. Challenges
• Lack of reliable energy supply
• Lack of wired infrastructures
• Lack of well-trained service-personnel
• Limitations to OPEX and CAPEX due to limited financial
capabilities of target customers
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23. The literacy level of many people is very low or limits
itself to the local language
Rich Interfaces
• other ways of communication than text
• from text-based to sound and video based.
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Adpated from Jenny de Boer, TNO

24. Mobile only services
Self-healing ICT
• interfaces have to be
Self-configurable ICT
designed for small(er) screens
• less information (text)
The ICT literacy often doesn’t reach beyond the mobile
phone
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Adpated from Jenny de Boer, TNO

25. Different culture(s) bring different meanings of identity,
privacy, security and social structures that are used to
deploy a product
New Business Models
• new ways of generating revenu based on the local social
structure
• share access /pre-paid
Identity and Privacy
• not everyone has his own mobile phone
• identity detached from the physical device
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Adpated from Jenny de Boer, TNO

26. Power supply is not a given
• how to charge a battery
• server/network is down
Online or Offline
• not everyone is online always and everywhere
• Intermittent services or systems supporting intermittence (store
and forward mechanisms)
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Adpated from Jenny de Boer, TNO

27. Minimum effort, maximum effect Low-bandwidth
• few degrees of freedom in
designing the user interface Low-cost
• Shift in using the latest technology Low-complexity
available to making the most of
proven technology
Low-end phones and connectivity technologies are
most common
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Adpated from Jenny de Boer, TNO

28. Ushahidi
• Platform that crowdsources crisis information
• Gather distributed data via SMS, email or web and visualize it on
a map or timeline.
• Free and open source project
• http://www.ushahidi.com/
Source: http://www.ushahidi.com/
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29. Source: http://www.ushahidi.com/
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30. Source: http://www.ushahidi.com/
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31. Microscopy and cell phones in Uganda
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32. Results – final design
• Connects the phone to the
microscope
• Stabilizes the cell phone
• Accurate positioning of the
camera
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33. Outline
• Setting the scene
• What is innovation?
• Why is it relevant to emerging regions?
• Guidelines
• Innovation in products/services
• Zoom-in: ICT sector in Africa
• Innovation in market based approaches
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34. National Innovation Government
policy
Regional Scaling up Enterprises
Local business
Community Innovations NGO’s +
Proof of Concept Knowledge Inst.
Level Partners
Needs/ demands
adapted from Mathilde Miedema, TNO
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35. Innovation in market based approaches
• Profitable/Scalable
• scale deep
• scale wide
• scale up
• Example of Aravind Eye Care
• Eliminate needless blindness
• 2 million surgeries in 32 years
• 2.7 million patiens screened per year
• End-to-end, all inclusive business model
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36. 3As when serving the BoP
• Affordability
• Access
• Availability
Source: The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid by C.K. Prahalad
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37. Business models
• The poor as customers
• A pay-per-use approach
• No frills service (e.g, telecommunication)
• Paraskilling
• Share channels
• The poor as suppliers or producers
• Contract production
• Deep procurement
• Demand-led training
Source: http://www.mim.monitor.com/
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38. Base of the Pyramid protocol
• Business incubation process for multinational corporations
(MNCs)
• Based on a participatory philosophy to
• Co-discover and co-create new business opportunities
• Co-design and launch BoP businesses
"The Base of the Pyramid Protocol:Toward Next Generation BoP
Strategy”, Erik Simanis and Stuart Hart
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39. A structured approach to a non-structured
challenge
"The Base of the Pyramid Protocol:Toward Next Generation BoP Strategy”, Erik Simanis and Stuart Hart
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40. Take away!
Solve major challenges
Reach social and economic impact
Empower people
by
innovating in emerging regions
Be holistic Co-create Embrace market
mechanisms
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41. Contact
Nicolas Chevrollier
TNO Information and Communication Technology
Room BA 206
Brassersplein 2, 2612 CT Delft
nicolas.chevrollier@tno.nl
http://nl.linkedin.com/in/nchevrollier
Twitter: nchevrollier
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