15 minute presentation on lecturing to large groups in higher education. Ideal for new teaching staff and those who want to rethink their teaching.

1. Teaching in the Lecture Theatre Or teaching to large groups Neil Currant, Academic Development Advisor, LDU n.currant@salford.ac.uk

2. Session Outline Expectations Starting Points – Definitions etc. Practical Ideas

3. Learning Outcomes To have an understanding of the basic principles of working in a lecture room. To have resources which you can follow up to learn more. To have some ideas of how to push the boundaries of your current practice.

4. What messages does the lecture room give? To learn is to acquire information Information is scarce and hard to find Trust authority for good information Authorized information is beyond discussion Obey the authority From Wesch (2009) ALT-C Keynote

5. What comes to mind when thinking of teaching a large group lecture? Notes:

6. Definitions What do we mean by large group? Over 30 = , over 50 = , over 100 = The number which places a constraint on what we think we can do? My own comfort The number which places a constraint on the types of activity we can do? What is actually possible.

7. Definitions What do we mean by lecture? Write you definition on a piece of paper. The way we deliver? The content we deliver? The physical space we are in? Can it be whatever you want it to be?

8. Delivery “The classroom lecture is a special form of communication in which voice, gesture, movement, facial expression, and eye contact can either complement or detract from the content. No matter what your topic, your delivery and manner of speaking immeasurably influence your students' attentiveness and learning.” Barbara Davis. http://teaching.berkeley.edu/bgd/delivering.htmlthis website also includes some really useful tips for delivery.

9. Student perspective 1 59% of students find their lectures boring half the time and 30% find most or all of their lectures to be boring. (Mann & Robinson, 2009) ‘And how many times have we students heard “unfortunately this is quite a boring part of the course, but it really is important”’ What makes a good lecturer? Enthusiasm, approachable, understand the learning perspective of students, give their time after lectures, open-minded, motivated, engage in a process of sharing, passion. (Rieutort-Louis, 2009)

10. Student Perspective 2 For new students: contrast with school / college More self-reliance is required, e.g. What to do, note taking, information overload Depersonalised / anonymous Peer factors ‘fear factor’ of speaking / asking questions in a large group behaviour

11. Starting Talk to students before you start, establish rapport Grab their attention. Signal the start Announce the objectives.

12. During Voice: vary tone, conversational style. Language: simple, concrete, use anecdotes Well Organised Material (but don’t overdo the prep!) Enthusiasm Clear visual aids Vary activity...

13. Finishing Finish forcefully – don’t let it fizzle out “Make sure you have finished speaking before your audience has finished listening.” Dorothy Sarnoff Summarise / conclude Be prepared to talk to students afterwards (if you have time).

14. Activity Quizzes / Questions (show of hands, team, paper based...) Short writing activity Short reading activity (e.g. read an article) Debate / student presentations (prepared in advance for a particular session) See Davis, SEDA Special 13 Write own exam question based on material presented earlier in lecture. Pair discussion, Buzz groups, Snowballing, syndicate groups. (Gibbs & Habeshaw1989)

15. Resources for the lecture Demonstrations Models Video Images Case studies Worksheets Journal Articles Videos on large group teaching at Nottingham http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/pesl/resources/largegroup/

16. Planning & structuring the lecture Think: What learning are you trying to stimulate? How does this lecture link to others? What added value is there in your presence? Do: Break the lecture up with into sections, provide opportunity for student –lecturer & student – student interaction, be explicit. Remember: what are you doing? What are students doing?

17. Theory Underpinning is based on constructivism, e.g. Piaget, Bruner, Biggs learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge. Reflective practice

18. Pushing the boundaries Wesch - vision of students today. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGCJ46vyR9o&feature=PlayList&p=3D942C2F6CBAE121&index=0&playnext=1 Student response systems for Q&A, quizzes. Use of Twitter / SMS / email etc. for getting student Qs or feedback during the session. Think outside of the walls: use the campus as a learning space & Simulations e.g. Anthropology 101 class: http://www.youtube.com/user/mwesch?blend=7&ob=4#play/uploads/4/JgbfMY-6giY Replacing lectures using technology, e.g. podcasts and have seminars instead. [Your ideas here]

19. Summary Teaching a large group is NOT just about delivering non-stop for 50 minutes with the students being passive. Students need to engage through: the way we deliver, the resources we use the activities we integrate. Teaching is as much an art form as science, it is very close to acting - so enjoy it!!

20. Bibliography Davis (nd), Practical Ideas for Enhancing Lectures, SEDA Special 13 Gibbs & Habeshaw (1989) Preparing to Teach, Technical and Educational Services Ltd, Bristol Mann & Robinson (2009) Boredom in the lecture theatre: an investigation into the contributors, moderators and outcomes of boredom amongst university studentsBritish Educational Research Journal, 35(2) pp. 243 – 258 Rieutort-Louis (2009) What Makes a Good Lecturer? Academy Exchange Issue 8 Smith (nd), Lecturing to Large Groups, SEDA Special 1 Young, Robinson & Alberts (2009) Students pay Attention! Combating the vigilance decrement to improve learning during lectures, Active Learning in Higher Education, 10(1) pp. 41–55 For further advice please contact the learning development unit (LDU) or come to one of our workshops. LDU-Queries@salford.ac.uk www.ldu.salford.ac.uk