Medical Physics - Radiation Oncology - Radiobiology

1. Tüm Vucut Işınlamanın Akut Etkileri

21. From L. J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cancer Biology . Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Electromagnetic Spectrum

23. From L. J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cancer Biology . Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Incidence and Mortality Rates for Different Types of Skin Cancer

24. From L. J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cancer Biology . Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Sun-light induced p53 mutations and the development of skin cancer

26. From L. J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cancer Biology . Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Effect of X-ray Exposure on Lifespan in Mice

29. From L. J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cancer Biology . Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Types of DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation

30. Ionizing Radiation Carcinogenic effects discovered how? Occupationally exposed, patients exposed to diagnostic and therapeutic radiation and atomic bomb survivors Malignant epitheliomas of the skin - early X-ray and radium workers In 1895 and 1898 1914 - 108 cases were reported 1944 case of leukemias in radiologists increased and was then associated

33. From L. J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cancer Biology . Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Cancer Incidence and death rates in atomic bomb survivors in Japan

34. From L. J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cancer Biology . Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Dose-response curves relating radiation exposure to cancer rates in atomic bomb survivors in Japan

37. From L. J. Kleinsmith, Principles of Cancer Biology . Copyright (c) 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. Sources of annual exposure to ionizing radiation in the United States

38. Risk of Dying from Various Activities Activity Cause of Death Risk of Death (per 10 6 per year) Smoking 1 pack/day all causes 3500 Canoeing for 20 h drowning 200 Traveling 1500 mi by car accident 40 Fishing drowning 10 Eating choking 8 5000 miles by plane accident 5 Chest X-ray cancer (radiation) 1 Living near nuclear cancer (radiation) <0.1 Power plant

39. Radyasyonun embryo ve fetus üzerindeki etkileri

58. Ionising radiation and skin lesions WORKSHOP RADIOBIOLOGY 17/06/2004 Dr. I. Boesman Occupational Health IKMO External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work

66. The normal skin More sensitive to radiation: keratocytes, hair follicles, sebaceous glands More resistent: sweat glands, connective tissue

67. Acute radiation dermatitis (single exposure RX,  ;  contamination) Erythema, oedema, large painful blisters, wet desquamation, ulceration (weeks–months), radio necrosis. Heals slowly with atrophy, telangiectasia, irregular pigmentation Some lesions may never completely heal  chronic stage > 10 à 20 Gy Erythema ( > 1 week) Heals with (dry) desquamation and hyperpigmentation > 3 Gy Epilation (temp.; def > 7 à 10 Gy) > 2 à 3 Gy

68. Acute radiation dermatitis 6,5 h. local exposure to Iridium-192 source Turai e.a., BMJ 2004, 328: 568-572 day 2: early blister, erythema day 9: extended erosion, inflammation

69. Acute radiation dermatitis Accidental overexposure X-ray diffractiometer Valverde NJ Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras., 2000; 46:81-7

71. Chronic radiation dermatitis After multiple coronary angiography and angioplasty procedures > 6-8 weeks redness, peeling 18-21 month Tissue necrosis Shope T. Radiation-induced skin injuries from fluoroscopy. FDA/CDRH, 1995 16-18 weeks Small ulcerated area

74. Chronic radiation dermatitis Features Shane Chapman M. Medscape Dermatology 2(2), 2001

75. Chronic radiation dermatitis Post-radiation ulcer Lopez A. e.a. Wounds 10(4) 1998: 132-135

87. Nuclide Total Mass of Nuclide Total Activity of Nuclide Daily Intake of Found in the Body Found in Body Nuclide Uranium 90 µg 1.1 Bq 1.9 µg Thorium 30 µg 0.11 Bq 3 µg Potassium-40 17 mg 4.4 kBq 0.39 mg Radium 31 pg 1.1 Bq 2.3 pg Carbon-14 95 µg 15 kBq 1.8 µg Tritium 0.06 pg 23 Bq 0.003 pg Polonium 0.2 pg 37 Bq 0.6 µg Natural Radioactivity in Your Body

88. Size of Critical Target DNA Human Cell Nucleus Yeast Cell

89. Comparative Radiosensitivity of Living Organisms Factors that Influence LD 50 Biological and Physical