1. GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS

2. F = gravitational force(N) m = mass of object(kg) r = separation between objects(m) G = universal gravitation constant Law of Universal Gravitation Every object attracts every other object with an attractive force which is directly proportional to the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the separation between them

3. Gravitational Field Strength ‘g’ M m r From Newton’s 2 nd Law F = mg g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s 2 ) g = gravitational field strength (N/kg)

4. On a large scale, gravity is an attractive radial field On a small scale gravity can be regarded as a uniform field Field lines give the direction of the field. The field is a vector. Earth’s surface

5. Gravitational Potential V A Point in space has Potential An Object placed there has Potential Energy Potential Energy = potential x mass In general ΔV = potential difference(J/kg) For a radial field V = gravitational potential at a distance r from mass M