Lecture 1: Research and Characteristics of Good Research

1. Research Methodology
in Architecture
▰ Unit 1 : Introduction- Overview
Of Research And Its
Methodologies
Prof. Dr. Neha Bansal
M.C.P.(IIT Kharagpur),Ph.D. (IIT Roorkee)
Professor
SRM Institute of Science and Technology,
Email: neha2000neha@gmail.com
Ph: +91 7669038518
A. Concept ad Conduct of Good
Research

2. Introduction to Research
Meaning and Definition

3. “
”
▰ Research
Survey
Trend analysis

4. Research – Meaning and
Definition ..1
▰ Research is defined as careful
consideration of study regarding a
particular concern or problem using
scientific methods.
▰ According to the American
sociologist Earl Robert Babbie,
“research is a systematic inquiry to
describe, explain, predict, and
control the observed phenomenon. It
involves inductive and deductive
methods.”

5. Research – Meaning and
Definition ..2

6. Objectives of Research..1
▰ Objectives of research are subjective
to the aim of research
▰ General objectives in every research
aim should address- the purpose of
the investigation and types of
knowledge to be generated out of
one’s investigation. A research
objective indicates the population of
interest, the independent variable,
and the dependent variable.
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Research objectives...2
General Objective
• The general objective of a study states what is expected to be achieved by the study in
general terms.
Specific Objectives
• general objectives, are broken down into several smaller, logically connected parts.
normally referred to as specific objectives.
• Specific objectives should systematically address the various aspects of the problems
defined under the statement of the problem and the key factors that are assumed to
influence or cause the problems.
Immediate Objectives
• a few studies, particularly evaluative studies, attempt to specify immediate objectives.
Immediate objective serves to indicate the focus of the proposed research in behavioral
terms, addresses who, why , when , what
Ultimate Objective
• Most applied research studies have a statement of ultimate objective that focuses on
how the results will be used to motivate the program managers and policymakers for
implementing and executing the recommendations followed from the survey results
https://www.iedunote.com/research-objectives

8. Characteristics of Research
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9. Empirical
Research is based on direct
experience or observation by the
researcher
Good research should be…

10. Logical
Research is based on valid
procedures and results.
Good research should be…

11. Cyclical
Research is a cyclical process, it starts with a problem
and ends with a problem
“ ..a researcher completes his study, states its findings, draws
conclusion and recommendation and identifies way forward..hence
cyclic..”
Good research should be..

12. Analytical
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Good research should be…
Research utilizes proven
analytical procedures in
gathering data whether
historical , descriptive,
experimental, and case
study

13. Replicable/ replicability
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Good research should be…
Why research should be replicable-In order to
take a scientific study or experiment seriously, the
results need to be able to be proven multiple times
by independent researchers.
Research is replicable when an independent
group of researchers can repeat the same process
and arrive at the same results in similar yet
different circumstances
Valid-but-different methods-research is typically
only regarded as being replicable when the
findings have been reproduced using a
methodology that is, in some important sense,
different to that of the original study.
Generalizable- Where a finding is found in multiple
Robust and Replicable
models
Generalizable
and
consistent
Reproducible
with Model
Variability

14. Reliability
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Good research should be…
Reliability refers to whether or not you get the same
answer by using an instrument to measure something
more than once. In simple terms, research reliability is
the degree to which research method produces
stable and consistent results to be reliable
Parallel form reliability

15. Reliability vs validity
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16. ▰ Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential
benefits;
▰ Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems,
i.e., concern over practical problems initiates research;
▰ Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work;
▰ Desire to be of service to society;
▰ Desire to get respectability.
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Motivation in Research

17. Research
provides hard
facts
Decision
making tool
Knowledge
based
solutions
Evolve a
systematic
procedure for
problem
solving
Improves
quality of life
and
individuals
Provides
basis for
economic
development
and policies
Significant for
social
scientist by
Answering
social
relationships
and social
problems
Significant in
business and
industry
Significance of Research

18. Problems faced by Researchers

19. Problems faced by Researchers
What to research
Where to research How to research

20. Problems faced by Researchers
Lack of self clarity and
questions
Lack of resources
Lack of knowledge on
resource management
Lack of scientific training
and procedures
Lack of self confidence
and patience

21. Empiricism in research

22. Concept of Theory in Research

23. Empiricism Theory in
research

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Deductive theory and Inductive theory
(Trochim and Donnelly, 2006)
Deductive research is a study in which theory is
tested by empirical observation. The deductive
method is referred to as moving from the general to
the particular. In a nut shell in deductive research,
variables are conceived a priori and research
question/hypothesis comes first
Inductive research is a study in which
theory is, "developed from the observation of
empirical reality; thus general inferences are
induced from particular instances, which is
the reverse of the deductive method since it
involves moving from individual observation
to statements of general patterns or laws",
(Hussey and Hussey, 1997)

26. Deductive theory and Inductive theory.
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The main difference between
inductive and deductive reasoning
is that inductive reasoning aims
at developing a theory while
deductive reasoning aims at testing
an existing theory. Inductive
reasoning moves from specific
observations to broad
generalizations, and deductive
reasoning the other way around.

27. Types of research
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28. Types of Research..2
(classification of Scientific research)
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Basic Research (Fundamental
Research )
Applied Research
Academic Research
Experimental Research

29. Non Scientific Research
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30. Research Cycle
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31. Thanks!
Any questions?
find me at:
▰ +91 7669038518
▰ neha2000neha@gmail.com
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