Diabetes , Lifestyle ,

1. Diabetes
Mellitus
PRESENTERS: DAYNA KAYE JACKSON, KEREAN HOBSON, KERRY KAYE HAMILLTON,
SHANTEL HALL, TERRY ANN HARRISON
What is
Diabetes?
Types of
Diabetes
Symptoms of
diabetes
Causes of Diabetes
TYPE 1
DIABETES
Prevention
Myths
Treatment of
Diabetes
Gestational diabetes
Societal Effects
TYPE 2
DIABETES

2. What is Diabetes?
 Diabetes is the condition in which the
body does not properly process food for
use as energy.
 Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, sugar, for our
bodies to use for energy.
 The pancreas, an organ that lies near the stomach, makes a
hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of
our bodies.
 On the other hand, when you have diabetes, your body
either doesn't make enough insulin or can't use its own insulin
as well as it should.
 This causes sugar to build up in your blood; this is how
diabetes got its popular name called “sugar.”
 Diabetes causes blood glucose (sugar)
levels to rise higher than normal. This is
also called hyperglycaemia.
Types
Symptoms
Causes
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
What is Diabetes

3. Types of Diabetes Mellitus
What is Diabetes
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths

4. TYPE 1 DIABETES
 Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed
in children and young adults, and
was previously known as juvenile
diabetes.
 Only 5% of people with diabetes have
this form of the disease.
 In type 1 diabetes, the body does not
produce insulin.
 Insulin is a hormone that is needed to
convert sugar, starches and other
food into energy needed for daily life.
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
What is Diabetes

5. TYPE 1 DIABETES cont’d
The pancreas cannot make insulin to help body cells
convert sugar into energy, which causes the sugar to
build up in the blood that can cause life-threatening
complications.
Individuals with type I diabetes must take some form
of insulin for the rest of their lives.

6. TYPE 2 DIABETES
 Type 2 diabetes is the most common
form of diabetes.
 If you have type 2 diabetes your
body does not use insulin properly.
This is called insulin resistance.
 At first, your pancreas makes extra
insulin to make up for it. But, over
time it isn't able to keep up and
can't make enough insulin to keep
your blood glucose at normal levels.
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
What is Diabetes

7. GESTATIONAL DIABETES
 Pregnant women who are not diabetic but
have high blood glucose (sugar) levels
during pregnancy.
 Due to the fact that the placenta supports
the baby as it grows, hormones from the
placenta help the baby develop. However,
these hormones also block the action of the
mother's insulin in her body.
 This is called insulin resistance as it makes it
hard for the mother's body to use insulin and
may need up to three times as much insulin.
 Without enough insulin, glucose cannot
leave the blood and be changed to
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
What is Diabetes

8. CAUSES OF DIABETES
 In type 1 diabetes, the cause of this isn't
entirely clear but it may include genetic risk
factors and environmental factors.
 One theory is that type 1 diabetes may occur
after having a specific virus.
 For Type 2, genetics and lifestyle clearly play
roles. Type 2 diabetes has been linked to
obesity, genetic risk factors, and inactivity.
 Some racial and ethnic groups are at higher
risk for type 2 diabetes. These include
American Indians, African Americans,
Hispanics/Latinos, Asian Americans and
Pacific Islanders
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
What is Diabetes

9. Symptoms of Diabetes
 The following symptoms of are typical. However,
some people with type 2 diabetes have symptoms
so mild that they go unnoticed.
 Common symptoms of diabetes:
 Urinating often
 Feeling very thirsty
 Feeling very hungry - even though you are eating
 Extreme fatigue
 Blurry vision
 Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal
 Weight loss - even though you are eating more
(type 1)
 Tingling, pain, or numbness in the hands/feet (type
2)
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
Symptoms
What is Diabetes

10. Treatment of Diabetes
 Type 1 diabetes
THERE IS NO CURE
Insulin injections are required.
Insulin cannot be taken as a pill.
The insulin would be broken down during digestion just
like the protein in food. Insulin must be injected into the
fat under your skin for it to get into your blood.
In addition to insulin, Type 1 diabetes management also
includes healthy eating and regular activity.
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Societal Effects
Myths
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
What is Diabetes

11. Treatment of Diabetes
 Type 2 diabetes:
 When the body is unable to use the insulin properly it
is referred to as insulin resistance.
 Your role in managing insulin resistance is eating
properly, being active and maintaining a healthy
body weight.
 Pills are also commonly used to help control blood
sugar. Over time, insulin may be added to your
treatment plan
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
What is Diabetes

12. TREATMENT ELEMENTS
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
Symptoms
What is Diabetes

13. Prevention of Diabetes
 Although it's not clear why, whole grains may reduce your
risk of diabetes and help maintain blood sugar levels. Try
to make at least half your grains whole grains.
 Type 1
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is not yet known, but we
do know that it is not caused by poor diet and lack of
activity. At this stage, nothing can be done to prevent or
cure type 1 diabetes.
 Medication to help prevent diabetes- Some medication,
such as metformin, has been shown to lower the risk of
type 2 diabetes amongst particularly high-risk cases
where lifestyles interventions alone may not be enough.
 Choose good fats instead of bad fats.
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
Treatment of Diabetes
What is Diabetes

14. Prevention of Diabetes
Type 2
 Get more physical activity
 There are many benefits to regular physical activity.
Exercise can help you:
 Lose weight, Lower your blood sugar, and boost your
sensitivity to insulin— which helps keep your blood sugar
within a normal range
 Get plenty of fiber -It's rough, it's tough — and it may
help you:
 Reduce your risk of diabetes by improving your blood
sugar control
 Lower your risk of heart disease
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
What is Diabetes

15. impact of diabetes
 Over time, diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney failure, and nerve
damage.
 These types of damage are the result of damage to small vessels,
referred to as microvascular disease.
 Diabetes is also an important factor in accelerating the hardening
and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis), leading to strokes,
coronary heart disease, and other large blood vessel diseases.
 This is referred to as macrovascular disease.

16. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
Treatment of Diabetes
What is Diabetes

17. Effects of Diabetes on Society
 According to the Diabetes Society of Jamaica, this is the
2nd causes of death in Jamaica (Registrar General
Office, Statin, 2003).
 Diabetes affected 17.9% of population, 15 years and
older, with 90% Type 2 and 10% Type 1. Approximately
327,000 persons in (2001) were affected with this disease
while 50% is at risk for developing diabetes.
 Persons that are overweight, have limited physical
activity, have poor eating habits, or have a genetic
predisposition may be at risk for type 2 diabetes.
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
What is Diabetes

18. Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
What is Diabetes

19. Reference
 http://www.projecthope.org/
 American Diabetes Association. Standards of
medical care in diabetes -- 2013. Diabetes Care
 Alemzadeh R, Ali O.(2011)Diabetes mellitus. In:
Kliegman RM, ed. Kliegman: Nelson Textbook of
Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier
Saunders
Types
TYPE 1 Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Gestational diabetes
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment of Diabetes
Prevention
Societal Effects
Myths
What is Diabetes