Philippe Crist, OECD Love Cycling Go Dutch Conference Newcastle, 5 November 2013 The Economic value of cycling

1. £
£
The Economic Value of Cycling
Philippe Crist, International Transport Forum-OECD

2. Value of the cycling economy
Sport
Leisure
Utilitarian

3. Value of the cycling economy
£53 billion (EU-2010)
Sales (bicycles and accessories), services,
infrastructure, employment, tourism.
ECF, 2013

4. Value of the cycling economy
£2.9 billion (UK-2010)
• Employment: £514.9 million (+£106.5 taxes)
~23,415 jobs
• Bicycle and accessory sales: £2,478.2 million)
LSE, 2012

5. Sport
Leisure
Utilitarian

6. In a city of many cyclists, why do they ride?
Copenhageners’ reasons for cycling to and from work (multiple answers)
it’s faster
37% more convenient
29% healthy
26% inexpensive
12% well-being, good start to day
9% new job/ relocation
5% environmental concerns
56%
City of Copenhagen, 2012

7. is for people
who want to go
fast over short
distances

8. 10-15 km/hr
Average speed in European
urban centres at peak periods
15 km/hr (Lyon)
12-14 km/hr (Dublin)
Prudhomme and Bocarejo, 2005, City of Paris, 2012, Jensen et al, 2010

9. Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom
2005-2010
39%
of all trips < 2 miles
DFT

10. Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom
2005-2010
67%
of all trips < 5 miles
DFT

11. Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom
2005-2010
67%
37%
of all trips < 5 miles
Car share of all trips
that are <5 miles
DFT

12. Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom
2005-2010
67%
37%
of all trips < 5 miles
Car share of all trips
<5 miles
2%
Bicycle share of all
trips <5 miles
DFT

13. Short Distance Trip Market: United Kingdom
2005-2010
57%
of all car trips are
less than 5 miles
DFT

14. 100%
Mode Share by Trip Length
Netherlands
United Kingdom
100%
80%
80%
60%
60%
40%
40%
20%
20%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
Trip length (miles)
7
8
9 10 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
DFT, SWOV, OVG/OViN

15. What mode was replaced by Shared Bicycle use?
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
ORBIS

16. is for people
who cannot afford
to be late

17. Reliability
key performance
indicator for urban traffic

18. At peak periods, small reductions in traffic deliver
disproportionate reductions in congestion: -1% traffic calculated
to reduce travel time for all by up to 18% (Boston-MIT)
Wang, P, et al, 2012: doi:10.1038/srep01001

19. is for shops
who want steady
return patronage

20. Shops benefit from an environment that is
attractive, encourages return visits and maximises
customer loyalty.

21. Who spends what in shops?
Revenue in Copenhagen shops and supermarkets by mode of transport (DKK billion/yr)
15.4
15.3
11.0
6.8
City of Copenhagen

22. Retail revenue per square foot and per
hour of occupied parking (Melbourne)
$A 0.69
$A 0.19
Lee, 2008

23. is for people
who value urban
lifestlyes & choices

24. Jeff Judge,
Co-founder and CEO
15 employees,
2,7M rev.
“The first thing I looked at was what the bike
infrastructure was like. It’s so important to me. Cities
that invest in biking infrastructure are going to win."

25. Tami Door,
President, Downtown
Denver Partnership, Inc.
“The number one thing [tech companies] want is bike lanes.
Ten years ago we never would have thought that walkability
or bike lanes would be economic development tools”

26. a Viewpoint Construction Software Company
Jay Haladay,
Owner and CEO,
450 employees,
$100 M rev.
“The benefit of a bike-friendly worksite is simply that these
days, valuable workers seem to prefer it…. any company that
doesn't include it in its company culture is making a mistake”

27. is for people
who enjoy good
health

29. on balance, the monetised benefits
from improved health are up to
20x
greater than the combined health
impacts of crashes and exposure to
air pollution

30. Making cyclists safe
in the current traffic system?

31. Making the system safe
for (new and existing) cyclists?

33. of Paris streets 30km or lower

35. Newcastle Tyne
upon
Tracks &
Lanes

36. Antwerp, BE
Tracks &
Lanes

37. Bremen, DE
Tracks &
Lanes

38. Nantes, FR
Tracks &
Lanes

39. Sevilla, ES
Tracks &
Lanes

40. Copenhagen, DK
Tracks &
Lanes

41. Infrastructure costs
0.4 Million USD/km.
Copenhagen (2009)
1.6 Million USD/km.
Copenhagen (2009)
City of Copenhagen, 2012 NACTO, 2012

42. £18.7
per capita per year
City of Copenhagen’s annual cycling
infrastructure and maintenance budget
City of Copenhagen,

43. 23%
(2010)
25%
(2008)
(2012)
5%
(2013)
7%
26%
(2012)
(2010)
1%
Newcastle upon Tyne
Copenhagen, DK
Seville, ES
Nantes, FR
Bremen, DE
Antwerp, BE

44. 41%
Newcastle
households
with no car
UK Census 2011

45. On balance: benefits and costs
Sensitive to context, assumptions (health, modal
transfer) and costs – but….
13:1
average benefit to cost ratio (UK and non UK)
8-33%
Rates of return for cyclist bridge and
intersection re-design in Copenhagen
ECF, 2013, Cavill et al, 2008, City of Copenhagen