1. BIRMINGHAM
SUSTAINABILITY FORUM
Feeding the City
10th September 2012
Kate Cooper
the new
optimists
forum #TNOfood
2. Birmingham Sustainability Forum
“Living in a city is the already the best of
ecological options. The green thing to do.”
The death of a national trust. The birth of a sitopia?
The Chamberlain Files, 23rd August 2012
#TNOfood
8. Feeding the City: What’s needed?
How much food does Birmingham need?
now think London, Tokyo, New York, Sao Paulo, Seoul, Mexico City, Osaka, Manila, Mumbai,
Delhi, Jakarta, Lagos, Kolkata, Cairo, Los Angeles . . . 9bn in 2050
10. Feeding the City: With food grown where?
Let’s assume a hectare of highly fertile, intensively farmed
land can support 10 people . . .
11. Feeding the City: With food grown where?
Let’s assume a hectare of highly fertile, intensively farmed
land can support 10 people . . .
United Nations FAO actual figures:
✓1960: average hectare of arable land supported 2.4 people
✓2005: average hectare of arable land supported 4.5 people
12. Feeding the City: With food grown where?
Let’s assume a hectare of highly fertile, intensively farmed
land can support 10 people . . .
United Nations FAO actual figures:
✓1960: average hectare of arable land supported 2.4 people
✓2005: average hectare of arable land supported 4.5 people
. . . and explore where it doesn’t come from
16. Feeding the City: Not from here . . .
Birmingham city centre
The yellow square represents
4 hectares.
i.e. were it highly fertile &
intensively farmed, it could
support 40 people at most.
17. Feeding the City: Not from here . . .
Birmingham city centre
The yellow square represents
4 hectares.
i.e. were it highly fertile &
intensively farmed, it could
support 40 people at most.
160,000+ commuters travel
daily to the city centre
18. Feeding the City: Nor here . . .
The Uplands Allotments, Oxhill Road
19. Feeding the City: Nor here . . .
The Uplands Allotments, Oxhill Road
20. Feeding the City: Nor here . . .
The Uplands Allotments, Oxhill Road
21. Feeding the City: Nor here . . .
The Uplands Allotments, Oxhill Road
The yellow square represents
one hectare.
Uplands Allotments are on
~15 hectares.
22. Feeding the City: Nor here . . .
The Uplands Allotments, Oxhill Road
The yellow square represents
one hectare.
Uplands Allotments are on
~15 hectares.
The city has 200 hectares
of allotments, plus 3.2K ha
of parks and open spaces.
25. Feeding the City: Nor here . . .
The WM conurbation
from Portrait of the West Midlands
Angela Medland, ONS
26. Feeding the City: Nor here . . .
The WM conurbation
population density ≈
30 people on a rugby
pitch
West Midlands conurbation: Population: 2.3M
Population density: 3,808 km2
(38.08 per hectare)
Birmingham’s population: 1M
Population density: 3872 people/km2
(38.72 per hectare)
plus their housing & from Portrait of the West Midlands
Angela Medland, ONS
28. Feeding the City: Locally grown food?
What difference does eating locally grown food make?
29. Feeding the City: Locally grown food?
What difference does eating locally grown food make?
foodmatters.org
estimate that Brighton & Hove’s urban agriculture (incl
allotments, gardens, parks, etc) supplies 0.14% of its needs
30. Feeding the City: Locally grown food?
What difference does eating locally grown food make?
foodmatters.org
estimate that Brighton & Hove’s urban agriculture (incl
allotments, gardens, parks, etc) supplies 0.14% of its needs
CPRE (2012) From field to fork:The values of England’s local food webs
estimate the potential for consumers across the UK to eat
‘locally’ grown food would be 2% max of our spend
31. Feeding the City: Locally grown food?
What difference does eating locally grown food make?
foodmatters.org
estimate that Brighton & Hove’s urban agriculture (incl
allotments, gardens, parks, etc) supplies 0.14% of its needs
CPRE (2012) From field to fork:The values of England’s local food webs
estimate the potential for consumers across the UK to eat
‘locally’ grown food would be 2% max of our spend
Dig for Victory? What happened in World War II
Half of fruit and veg consumed?? 25% eggs from domestic sources??
But it was a restricted, meagre diet. Malnutrition increased despite food
supplements. Rationing . . . & there were 13M fewer mouths to feed.
38. Feeding the City: Food from where?
Just north of Wisbech . . .
5M ha of agricultural land in
the UK is used for crops
Cereals make up ~80% of this
proteins and sugar beet 13%
horticulture 4%
potatoes 3%
The UK imports ~40% of its
food (cf 70% in 1939)
Source: Defra 2012
39. Feeding the City: Food from where?
Just north of Wisbech . . .
5M ha of agricultural land in
the UK is used for crops
Cereals make up ~80% of this
proteins and sugar beet 13%
horticulture 4%
potatoes 3%
The UK imports ~40% of its
food (cf 70% in 1939)
Source: Defra 2012
a thought experiment . . .
this Wisbech farmer decides to
grow & eat all the family’s food
41. Feeding the City: Feeding the World
Tim Benton: UK Champion for Global Food Security
42. Feeding the City: Feeding the World
Tim Benton: UK Champion for Global Food Security
✦ grow yields
✦ reduce impacts
✦ be smarter at making landscapes
more efficient
✦ be smarter at using food:
➡ buy less
➡ waste less
➡ eat less
43. Feeding the City: Feeding the World
Tim Benton: UK Champion for Global Food Security
✦ grow yields ✦ but it is not about being organic,
buying locally produced food, or
✦ reduce impacts
being vegetarian, but about:
✦ be smarter at making landscapes ➡ optimising the land use to
more efficient provide enough of everything
✦ be smarter at using food: according to the specialities of
➡ buy less the place
➡ waste less ➡ and optimising our diets
➡ eat less
46. local food growing: growingbirmingham.org
why bother?
social & civic: conviviality . . . it’s fun . . . relatively easy . . . kids
love it . . . makes the city look great . . . it’s social glue
meeting obesity & other health issues: ‘magic’ happens when
communities have food growing in their midst . . .
a good day’s work: labour intensive . . . and
horticulture is an inherently optimistic activity,
often highly sociable . . . a lifetime’s activity
where expertise is gifted from one to another
& there are career opportunities at all levels
decarbonisation: city communities using their waste to fuel their
energy . . . & (maybe) growing biomass on contaminated land
47. local food growing: growingbirmingham.org
AND
very, very very
fresh fruit & veg
tastes absolutely fantastic!
53. Feeding the City: What should Birmingham do?
➡ maximise Birmingham (& other urban areas)
as a biodiversity engine for the UK
54. Feeding the City: What should Birmingham do?
➡ maximise Birmingham (& other urban areas)
as a biodiversity engine for the UK
➡ set up a Birmingham Food Council or Food
Policy Network
55. Feeding the City: What should Birmingham do?
➡ maximise Birmingham (& other urban areas)
as a biodiversity engine for the UK
➡ set up a Birmingham Food Council or Food
Policy Network
➡ do NOT write a food supply strategy . . .
rather use a food & its supply as a lens
through which to see policies and actions
56. Feeding the City: Useful info & links
➡Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding 9 billion people
Godfray, Beddington et al. Science, Volume 327. 12 February 2010
➡ Foresight. The Future of Food and Farming. 2011 Final Report
Government Office for Science
➡ Green Food Project — Conclusions
DEFRA 2012
➡ Securing Future Food Supplies to 2050: Government Response to the
Committee’s 4th Report of the Session 2008-09
House of Commons Environment, Food & Rural Affairs
➡ foodsecurity.ac.uk
(Tim Benton, Leeds University. UK champion for global food security)
➡ fooddeserts.org
(Hillary Shaw, Harper Adams)
also
➡ Portrait of the West Midlands
Alison Medland, ONS 2011
57. the new
optimists
forum
www.newoptimists.com
@newoptimists
our thanks to the following organisations
for their kind support
Notas del editor
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
What if . . . we have a summer like this last one? \n
What if . . . we have a summer like this last one? \n
What if . . . we have a summer like this last one? \n
What if . . . we have a summer like this last one? \n
\nnote if need be: West Midlands as a whole is 13km2 (1.3M hectares). Its population is 5.5M. Population density is people per km2 (4.23 people per hectare).\n
\nnote if need be: West Midlands as a whole is 13km2 (1.3M hectares). Its population is 5.5M. Population density is people per km2 (4.23 people per hectare).\n
\nnote if need be: West Midlands as a whole is 13km2 (1.3M hectares). Its population is 5.5M. Population density is people per km2 (4.23 people per hectare).\n
\nnote if need be: West Midlands as a whole is 13km2 (1.3M hectares). Its population is 5.5M. Population density is people per km2 (4.23 people per hectare).\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
This is land farmed by my in-laws, Mick and Pat - and this image is what their highly fertile, intensely farmed land looks like. They grow wheat, sugar beet, rape seed and spuds, sometime onions, daffodils\n\nWhat if . . . their crops fail? What’s the impact on us?\n\nWhat if . . . they decided to eat locally produced food?\n\nNote: In Grandad’s time, farmers there weren’t wealthy, quite a lot was subsistence farming, plus produce to placess like Leicester and Peterborough. \n\nThe War changed things, including lots of land girls drafted into the area to do the labour.\n\nIt was labour-intensive until combine harvesters. Around 1980, I saw a potato harvester for the first time, doing the rounds of the local farms. One man, a great big machine and large fields of spuds from ground to branded bag in a few hours.\n
This is land farmed by my in-laws, Mick and Pat - and this image is what their highly fertile, intensely farmed land looks like. They grow wheat, sugar beet, rape seed and spuds, sometime onions, daffodils\n\nWhat if . . . their crops fail? What’s the impact on us?\n\nWhat if . . . they decided to eat locally produced food?\n\nNote: In Grandad’s time, farmers there weren’t wealthy, quite a lot was subsistence farming, plus produce to placess like Leicester and Peterborough. \n\nThe War changed things, including lots of land girls drafted into the area to do the labour.\n\nIt was labour-intensive until combine harvesters. Around 1980, I saw a potato harvester for the first time, doing the rounds of the local farms. One man, a great big machine and large fields of spuds from ground to branded bag in a few hours.\n
This is land farmed by my in-laws, Mick and Pat - and this image is what their highly fertile, intensely farmed land looks like. They grow wheat, sugar beet, rape seed and spuds, sometime onions, daffodils\n\nWhat if . . . their crops fail? What’s the impact on us?\n\nWhat if . . . they decided to eat locally produced food?\n\nNote: In Grandad’s time, farmers there weren’t wealthy, quite a lot was subsistence farming, plus produce to placess like Leicester and Peterborough. \n\nThe War changed things, including lots of land girls drafted into the area to do the labour.\n\nIt was labour-intensive until combine harvesters. Around 1980, I saw a potato harvester for the first time, doing the rounds of the local farms. One man, a great big machine and large fields of spuds from ground to branded bag in a few hours.\n
This is land farmed by my in-laws, Mick and Pat - and this image is what their highly fertile, intensely farmed land looks like. They grow wheat, sugar beet, rape seed and spuds, sometime onions, daffodils\n\nWhat if . . . their crops fail? What’s the impact on us?\n\nWhat if . . . they decided to eat locally produced food?\n\nNote: In Grandad’s time, farmers there weren’t wealthy, quite a lot was subsistence farming, plus produce to placess like Leicester and Peterborough. \n\nThe War changed things, including lots of land girls drafted into the area to do the labour.\n\nIt was labour-intensive until combine harvesters. Around 1980, I saw a potato harvester for the first time, doing the rounds of the local farms. One man, a great big machine and large fields of spuds from ground to branded bag in a few hours.\n
This is land farmed by my in-laws, Mick and Pat - and this image is what their highly fertile, intensely farmed land looks like. They grow wheat, sugar beet, rape seed and spuds, sometime onions, daffodils\n\nWhat if . . . their crops fail? What’s the impact on us?\n\nWhat if . . . they decided to eat locally produced food?\n\nNote: In Grandad’s time, farmers there weren’t wealthy, quite a lot was subsistence farming, plus produce to placess like Leicester and Peterborough. \n\nThe War changed things, including lots of land girls drafted into the area to do the labour.\n\nIt was labour-intensive until combine harvesters. Around 1980, I saw a potato harvester for the first time, doing the rounds of the local farms. One man, a great big machine and large fields of spuds from ground to branded bag in a few hours.\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
This compares the WIsbech farming land with Walsall Lane Allotments.\n\nQuestion to the audience: Which has the greater bio-diversity?\n
This compares the WIsbech farming land with Walsall Lane Allotments.\n\nQuestion to the audience: Which has the greater bio-diversity?\n
This compares the WIsbech farming land with Walsall Lane Allotments.\n\nQuestion to the audience: Which has the greater bio-diversity?\n
This compares the WIsbech farming land with Walsall Lane Allotments.\n\nQuestion to the audience: Which has the greater bio-diversity?\n
This compares the WIsbech farming land with Walsall Lane Allotments.\n\nQuestion to the audience: Which has the greater bio-diversity?\n
This compares the WIsbech farming land with Walsall Lane Allotments.\n\nQuestion to the audience: Which has the greater bio-diversity?\n
Birmingham as an urban area has a great contribution to make as a biodiversity engine — compared to the monoculture of Wisbech and much of our countryside which, necessarily, is mechanised agriculture on an industrial scale\n\nBirmingham Food Council or Food Policy Network — who should be there? A politician (e.g. James McKay), the Public Officer for Health. New Optimists? A practising medic (e.g. Jim Parle, also medical educator as Prof of Primary Care at the Med School), a representative from the food industry (e.g. Parveen from MMW), from urban food growing (e.g. Caroline Hutton), from agriculture the Director of the Warwick Crop Centre, Dr Rosemary Collier. Also a geographer such as Hillary Shaw or Moya Kneafsley (both advising the Forum) . . . And?\n\nA strategy couldn’t have any influence as our food supply systems are far bigger than the city. But a food perspective on decision-making could have great impact — think transport, energy, education . . . also would enable small-scale initiatives to be seens as assets not liabilities (e.g. allotments, waste management by and for communities, food banks)\n
Birmingham as an urban area has a great contribution to make as a biodiversity engine — compared to the monoculture of Wisbech and much of our countryside which, necessarily, is mechanised agriculture on an industrial scale\n\nBirmingham Food Council or Food Policy Network — who should be there? A politician (e.g. James McKay), the Public Officer for Health. New Optimists? A practising medic (e.g. Jim Parle, also medical educator as Prof of Primary Care at the Med School), a representative from the food industry (e.g. Parveen from MMW), from urban food growing (e.g. Caroline Hutton), from agriculture the Director of the Warwick Crop Centre, Dr Rosemary Collier. Also a geographer such as Hillary Shaw or Moya Kneafsley (both advising the Forum) . . . And?\n\nA strategy couldn’t have any influence as our food supply systems are far bigger than the city. But a food perspective on decision-making could have great impact — think transport, energy, education . . . also would enable small-scale initiatives to be seens as assets not liabilities (e.g. allotments, waste management by and for communities, food banks)\n
Birmingham as an urban area has a great contribution to make as a biodiversity engine — compared to the monoculture of Wisbech and much of our countryside which, necessarily, is mechanised agriculture on an industrial scale\n\nBirmingham Food Council or Food Policy Network — who should be there? A politician (e.g. James McKay), the Public Officer for Health. New Optimists? A practising medic (e.g. Jim Parle, also medical educator as Prof of Primary Care at the Med School), a representative from the food industry (e.g. Parveen from MMW), from urban food growing (e.g. Caroline Hutton), from agriculture the Director of the Warwick Crop Centre, Dr Rosemary Collier. Also a geographer such as Hillary Shaw or Moya Kneafsley (both advising the Forum) . . . And?\n\nA strategy couldn’t have any influence as our food supply systems are far bigger than the city. But a food perspective on decision-making could have great impact — think transport, energy, education . . . also would enable small-scale initiatives to be seens as assets not liabilities (e.g. allotments, waste management by and for communities, food banks)\n