The document provides a brief history of India from the Indus Valley Civilization through British rule. It outlines the major periods and empires of ancient and medieval India, including the Harappan civilization, the Mauryan Empire under Ashoka, the Gupta Dynasty, and the Mughal Empire. It then discusses the expansion of British trade factories and territories in India starting in the early 17th century, leading to the establishment of the British Raj and the Presidencies of Bengal, Bombay, and Madras by the mid-19th century. The document concludes with details on the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny that marked the end of Mughal rule and made India an official British territory.