Henry Clay proposed an American System to establish a protective tariff, national bank, and improve transportation infrastructure. The Missouri Compromise addressed whether Missouri would join the union as a slave state and admitted Maine as a free state to maintain the balance. The Monroe Doctrine declared the Western Hemisphere closed to future European colonization. The Industrial Revolution transformed the economy through technological innovations, factories, and mass immigration making the U.S. an industrial leader. Inventions like the cotton gin, steam engine, and telegraph drove economic and population changes.
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