4. DANES (c. 960) NORSE (c. 970-1025) Areas Christianized, 900-1100
5. The Medieval Manuscript Parchment : Lambskin prepared as a surface for writing or painting. Vellum : Calfskin prepared as a surface for writing or painting.
8. Purple Dye = Murex Shell Blue = Lapis Lazuli Green = Verdigris Gold Leaf
9. Genesis Rebecca at the Well, Vienna Genesis , 6 th Century CE. Captain Marvel Origin Story, 1973.
10. Pentateuch Story of Adam and Eve, from the Ashburnham Pentateuch, 6 th Century CE. Abel tending his flock Cain working the land Cain Murdering Abel
11. Gospels Ascension, Rabbula Gospels, 6 th century CE. Matthew, the Man Luke, the Ox Mark, the Lion John, the Eagle
12. The British Isles Durrow Carpet Page, Book of Durrow, Hiberno-Saxon 600-660 CE
13. Gospel Page Carpet Page Incipit Page Book of Durrow, Hiberno-Saxon, 660-680
14. Man (symbol of St. Matthew) Eagle (symbol of St. John) Ox (symbol of St. Luke) Lion (symbol of St. Mark) Book of Durrow, Hiberno-Saxon, 660-680
15. St. Matthew from the Book of Durrow, Hiberno-Saxon, 660-680 Detail from the Purse Cover, Sutton Hoo, Anglo-Saxon, 7 th century.
16. St. Matthew from the Book of Durrow, Hiberno-Saxon, 660-680 Detail from the Purse Cover, Sutton Hoo, Anglo-Saxon, 7 th century.
17. St. John from the Book of Durrow, Hiberno-Saxon, 660-680 Detail from the Purse Cover, Sutton Hoo, Anglo-Saxon, 7 th century.
Vellum is considered finer than parchment. The skin of freshly killed animals was soaked for days in water and lime, a caustic alkali that softens and loosens the hairs on the skin. The skin was then rinsed and stretched on a frame.
Once stretched tight, the skin was scraped to remove the hairs and then thinned to the desired thickness, using a moon-shaped blade to avoid a point tearing the skin. Next it was trimmed into sheets and folded into folios, and the edges were cut to make pages.
St. Matthew from the Book of Durrow Celtic 660-680
St. Matthew from the Book of Durrow Celtic 660-680