Global Positioning System

2. Global Positioning System NAVSTAR

29. Sources of Signal Interference Earth’s Atmosphere Solid Structures Metal Electro-magnetic Fields

30. Differential GPS True coordinates = x +0, y +0 Correction = x -5, y +3 DGPS correction = x +(30-5) and y +(60+3) True coordinates = x +25, y +63 DGPS Site x +30, y +60 x +5, y -3 x -5, y +3 DGPS Receiver Receiver

31. Tsunami

35. TSUNAMETER -- Architecture

37. TSUNAMETER -- Underwater Monitoring Module (UM)

38. TSUNAMETER – Surface Buoy The SB is composed by a metallic pole and a foam body having a diameter of 1.45 m. The main parts installed on the buoy are: 1. The electronic box containing the SB Data Acquisition and Communication System (SB-DACS) relied on the same type of electronics of the UM;

39. 2. An autonomous power supply system composed of 3 photovoltaic panels (12V- 50W each) and a gel battery pack (12V- 400Ah); 3. A magneto-inductive surface modem or the acoustic modem for the data link with the underwater unit; 4. A satellite modem Inmarsat C for reliable data connection with the Onshore Centre (OC).

40. TSUNAMETER – Surface Buoy

41. Tsunameter -- S ystem Functionalities It is provides the main basic functionalities listed below: 1. C ontinuous measurement of the sea bottom pressure with a rate of 15s, 30s, 1min, 2min, 5min selectable be the user in the OC. Optional monitoring of earthquakes occurrence. 2. O n line processing of the pressure data filter to detect a frequency component typical of a tsunami: the thresholds for the detection of tsunami waves can be configured by the OC user.

43. Tsunameter -- S ystem Functionalities 7. Internal logging in UM and SB of all acquired data, all detected events, all diagnostic status and exchanged messages (black box). 8. Remote configuration of the UM (change of communication settings, filtering parameters, on/off of sensors and devices, software updating). 9. R eception of commands from OC and notification of its execution; 10. Reception of data request from OC and reply with the requested data .

47. Information Dissemination The Tsunami Alarm System receives earthquake and tsunami warning information from a multiplicity of seismic measuring stations and tsunami warning stations from different countries . Alarm being sent to your mobile telephone

48. Conclusion: Key Components to an ideal Tsunami Warning and Response System: 1. Risk Assessment 2. Detection 3. Warning 4. Response Plan 5. Ready Public 6. Situational Awareness 7. Lessons Learned

49. With the Tsunamis Detection, no fear visiting the coast all over the world ! Next

50. Some of the GPS Receivers

51. THANK U