This presentation is first in the series of lectures for a programme on International Humanitarian Law in the curriculum of law degree.However ,it will also be useful to the students of Law of Armed Conflict in military, para- military forces and other security elements.

1. AN OVERVIEW

2. Maj Gen Nilendra KumarAVSM, VSM
Director

3. Lecture at National Law Institute University,
Bhopal

4.  It is a state of fighting between different countries or
groups within the countries using armies and weapons.
Contd/---

5.  Is an intense conflict between the states , governments,
societies or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries ,
insurgents and militia.
 It is generally characterized by extreme violence,
aggression, destruction, mortality and using regular or
irregular military forces.

6. It is the method of fighting the war. Warfare is a derived
term of war.

7. 1. Asymmetric
2. Aerial
3. Biological
4. Chemical
5. Cold
6. Conventional
7. Unconventional
8. Cyber
9. Electronic
10. Insurgency
11. Information
12. Intelligence
13. Nuclear
14. Space

8. The most obvious consequences of war are widespread
death and destruction.
Women and children suffer unspeakable atrocities in
particular.

9. According to one source, 14,500 wars have taken place
between 3500 BC and the late 20th century, costing 3.5
billion lives, leaving only 300 years of peace.

10. 1. World War I (1914-1918) : 39 million deaths
1. Mongol Conquest (1219-1221) : 60 million deaths
2. Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) : 40 million deaths
3. Word War II (1939-45) : 60-85 million deaths

11. Explanation of terms used.

12. It means very cruel and violent behavior or the condition
or quality of being brutal in war.

13. It means cutting off or injury to a body part of a person
so that the part of the body is permanently damaged,
detached or disfigured.

14. It is the action of causing somebody great pain either as a
punishment or to make him/her say or do something.

15. It means an extreme cruel, violent or shocking act.

16. It is the act of consuming another individual of the same
species as food.

17. It is to cause someone to lose their freedom of choice or
action.

18. It means to destroy something completely so that nothing
is left.

19. It means to kill a large group of people or animals.

20. It means the complete separation of the head from the
body.

21. To give no quarter is to show no mercy, to award no clemency.
In war, a victor gives no quarters (or takes no prisoners) when the
victor shows no clemency or mercy and refuses to not kill
vanquished opponent prisoners in return for their unconditional
surrender.

22. It is to steal things from a place by using force and
violence, especially during war.

23. He was arrested under the orders of Mughal Emperor
Jahangir and ordered to convert to Islam. He refused, was
tortured and executed in 1606 CE.

24.  The Company forces led by Maj William Hodson surrounded
Humanyun’s Tomb where king Bahadur Shah Zafar and his
family had taken refuge.
 Hodson shot his son Mirza Mughal and Mirza Khizr Sultan
and grandson Mirza Abu Bkht under his own authority at the
Khooni Darwaza near Delhi Gate.

25.  Nearly 50,000 US soldiers and civilians became POWs.
 Nearly have were forced to work as slave laborers.
About 40% of American POWs died in Japan.

26. Eight American airman were recovered from a B-29 shot down
near the end of war were taken to the Anatomy Department at
the Kyushu University. They had their organs ripped out of their
body while they were still alive. One was shot in the stomach to
give surgeons practice in removing bullets.

27. During the Iraq War personnel of the US Army and CIA
committed a series of human rights violation against
detainees in Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq. The violations
included physical and sexual abuse, torture, rape, sodomy
and murder.

28. The camp established by President George Bush in 2002
saw indefinite detention without trial and torture that was
considered a major breach of human rights.
These included sleep deprivation, beatings and lockings
in confined and cold cells.

29. 2479 Cossacks officers and soldiers were brutally
assaulted by the British on 28th May 1945 at camp
Peggetz in Lienz. The Cossacks forcefully resisted their
British repatriation to the USSR. They were mercilessly
beaten and thrown, like sacks of potatoes, in the trucks.

30. Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent
right of individual collective self- defence if an armed
attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations,
until the Security Council has taken measures necessary
to maintain international peace and security.

31. There is no such thing as inevitable war. If war comes it
will be from failure of human wisdom. The world will
never have lasting peace so long as men reserve for war
the finest human qualities. War would end if the dead
could return.
“I hate was as only a soldier who has lived it can, only as
one who has seen its brutality, its futility, its stupidity.”-
Dwight D. Eisenhower

32. THANK YOU