better and easy explanation on microbial pestisides.

1. WELCOME

2. BY :NIRANJAY
NAYAK
MICROBIAL
INSECTISIDES

3. Contents
 Introduction
 Definition of microbial insecticides
 Types of microbial insecticides
 Difference between chemical insecticides and
microbial insecticides
 Advantages of microbial insecticides
 Disadvantages of chemical insecticides

4. Introduction
 Microbial insecticides are bio-control agents. Use
of microorganisms to control insect pests,
pathogens or weeds constitutes biological control,
and the biological agents employed are called bio-
control agents .
 Microorganisms used for bio-control are bacteria,
viruses, fungi and protozoa; some of them are used
in commercial scale .bio-control agents have been
used to control mostly insect pests and used for
high yield by control with disease .

5. Definitions
 Microbial insecticides are naturally occurring and
genetically modified insect pathogens that directly or
indirectly reduce insect pest populations.
 They include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi,
nematodes, and other organisms that infect and
exterminate insects. A growing number of these
insecticides exist in the United States as successful
pest management tools. The bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis is perhaps the best-known example.

7. Types of microbial insecticides
 There are four types of microbial insecticide
 Bacterial insecticide
 Fungal insecticide
 Protozoan insecticide
 Viral insecticide

8. Bio-insecticides
 Microorganisms are used for insect control are often
called bio-insecticides, while the term bio-pesticide
is used for all bio-control agents. Viruses, bacteria,
fungi, protozoa, and mites are employed to control a
variety of insects attacking both plants and animals.
But only a limited number of them have found
commercial application. The technological for
production and application of bio-pesticides has
been developed in India, and a Bacillus thuringiensis
based insecticide is being commercially produced.

9. Bio-control agents used against insects, pathogen
and weeds
Microorganism Target
organism
Production
process
remarks
A. Insect control
1.Virus
Nucleopolyhedrosis
viruses(NPV)
2. Bacteria
Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus sphaericus
3. Fungi
Hirsutella thompsonii
Verticillium lecanii
Leaf-worm, bollworm etc,.
Mosquitoes, cockroaches,
lepidopteran etc..
Mosquito larvae(Culex)..
Citrus mites
Aphids, white flies
In Heliothis larvae
Fermentation
Fermentation
Fermentation
Fermentation
Now a days
commercially used
B. Weed control
Phytophthora palmivora
Collectotrichum gleospirodes
-----------
-------------
Fermentation
Fermentation
Now a days
commercially used
C. Disease control
1.fungi
Trichoderma viridae
2.Bacteria
Agrobacteriam rediobacter
Fungal plant pathogens,
usually soil borne
-----------
Fermentation
Fermentation
Now a days
commercially used

10. Bacillus thuringiensis
 B. thurungiensis is a spore forming bacterium,
which produces a crystal protein as paraspori
inclusion in the vegetative cells containing spore.
Several different types protein are produced by
different strains of bacterium, each protein having
a specific and originally narrow insect range.
 Important feature of bio-pesticide is they are very
specific to only a well defined range of target
species. But chemical pesticides affect very wide
range of target species.

11. Continued ………..
 B. thuringeinsis cells are produced in fermenters, as are
other bacteria and fungi. The commercial preparations
usually contain a mixture of spores, crystal proteins
carriers. The formulation in the form of water dispersible
powder, wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, flow
able concentrate, granules or dust. It may mixed with
chemical insecticides or fungicides, if required. The crystal
protein activity disappears within a 24-40 hours after
application, but the spore may persist for long periods and
cause harm to non-target useful insects, e.g., silkworm.
 This problem is sought to be overcome by developing
mutants, which produce the crystal protein but do not form
spores. Such mutants have been isolated and their
usefulness as bio-pesticide is being evaluated.

12. Microbial insecticide Chemical insecticide
 These don’t harm non
target species
 They don’t pollute the
environment
 No harmful residues
remain in food ,fodder
and fibers
 Relatively cheaper
 Insects are expected not
to develop resistance to
insecticides
 Non target species are
also harmed
 They pollute the
environment
 Harmful residues may
often remain in food ,
fodder and fibers
 Relatively costlier
 Insects may become
resistance to chemicals
Differences between microbial and chemical
insecticide

14. Advantages of microbial insecticides
 The organisms used in microbial insecticide are
essentially non toxic and non pathogenic to wild life
,humans and other organisms not closely related to
the target pest
 The toxic action of microbial insecticides is often
specific to a single group or species of insects
 Most of the microbial insecticides can be used in
conjunction with synthetic chemical insecticide
 They act eco friendly

15. Disadvantages of chemical insecticide
 They causes serious health hazards due to presence
of their residue in food , fiber and fodder
 They pollutes the environment
 They effects the plant growth because of the
chemicals present in them
 They don’t act specific to the target species like
microbial insecticides

16. Weak people are like a
sunflower, every day they
seeing towards the strong once
that is the sun and you should
be a sun not sunflower..but
don’t forget the sunflower..
By: Niranjay Nayak