This document discusses various landscape lighting techniques such as highlighting, silhouetting, shadowing, wall-washing, up lighting, moon lighting, down lighting, and accenting. It also covers different types of lighting fixtures including solar lights, fluorescent lights, halogen lights, luminaires, neon lights, and LEDs. Finally, it provides design ideas and precautions to consider for effective and attractive landscape lighting.

1. Thomas Alva Edison
Illumination
LandscapeArchitecture

2. Contents
 Techniques
 Types of appliances
 Design Ideas
 Precautions
 Advantages

3. Correct lighting techniques will highlight your important
features and create the perfect amount of drama in a
yard.
Techniques

4. Highlighting
Highlighting is created by placing a spotlight at the base
of an outdoor feature.
By varying the distance and angle of the light fixture, you
can experiment with different lighting designs.
For example, trees often need two or more fixtures to
provide sufficient illumination.

5. Highlighting

6. Silhouetting
By placing a spotlight behind the feature, aimed towards
an adjacent wall, you can create an illuminated
backdrop.
This dark outline of the object is useful for showcasing
plants and other dense features.
It looks especially striking in the sunset.

7. Silhouetting

8. Shadowing
A similar technique to silhouetting, shadowing also places
the fixture towards the base of the feature, aimed
towards an adjacent wall.
However, the goal is to create a softer shadow, and
often works best with a tree that has open, delicate
foliage.
The effect of the tree's movement in the wind is sure to
add drama to any home facade.

9. Shadowing

10. Wall-washing
Wall-washing creates a soothing and even glow that
comes off the wall or facade it's pointed towards.
For best results, place the lighting fixture a few feet away
from the feature, and give it a sideways angle.
By shining along side the wall, it maintains an even and
somewhat subtle ambient lighting for the nearby area.
A wide angle flood light with low wattage is
recommended for this, as opposed to a spotlight.

11. Wall-washing

12. Up lighting
Offering a greater contrast effect than typical wall-washing,
spotlight fixtures are placed closer to a building
for a bolder effect.

13. Moon lighting
Create moonlighting techniques by placing a large
fixture with a full glare guard high up inside a tree, and
angled downwards.
This effect looks like moonlight shining down through the
branches.
It causes attractive shadow patterns on the ground to
appear, plus it provides a very natural and beautiful
lighting effect.

14. Moon lighting

15. Down lighting
The down-lighting technique is similar to the moonlighting
technique, although brighter and less subtle.
Place a fixture high up, inside a feature like a trellis, tree,
or eave, and cast downwards over a large area.
Place the light higher if you intend to illuminate a large
portion of the yard, and lower if you wish to illuminate a
path or garden.

16. Down lighting

17. Accenting
Any lighting that draws special attention to a specific
feature is considered accent lighting.
Specifically angled up-lighting or down-lighting can be
used as accent lighting, to point out an architectural
design, plant, or other feature.
Try using a narrow beam spotlight from a hidden fixture to
add a flair of mystery to your accent lighting.

18. Accenting

19. Path lighting
Path-lighting is created by placing small fixtures along the
borders of walkways, driveways, and patios.
It is important that the style of these path lights be
considered carefully.
It is also important to be sure that they are positioned to
illuminate the path, but also placed so that they avoid
being kicked, moved, or getting in the way of the
lawnmower.

20. Path lighting

21. Under water lighting
Underwater lighting highlights underwater plant material
and captures light to show off depth or imaginative
design
Illuminating water bodies not only increase their
attractiveness but also ensures safety in dark
Cascading fountains and falls reflect light in their
movement adding perspective to the sound of rippling or
spraying water

23. Step/deck lighting
Step lighting brings deck to life in night and help us to
navigate stairs safely during night.
Its fixtures can be installed beneath benches as recessed
light in the risers of step and as a surface lights on vertical
posts.

24. Lighting fixtures
 Solar lights
 Florescent lights
 Halogen lights
 Luminaire
 Neon lights
 Light emitting diodes

25. Solar lights
Solar lights make use of tiny photo voltaic cells(PV cells) or
solar powered cells to charge the battery that is
integrated into lighting fixtures.
Most manufactures prefer to install PV cell into the lighting
fixture itself. These can’t work if they are placed in shade.
Other solar landscaping models tend to separate the PV
panel from the lighting fixture. Thus the PV panel will be
able to receive maximum sunlight.
Drawback is that wire have to be buried.

27. Florescent lights
A long straight tube coated with
phosphor containing low pressure
mercury that produces white light.

28. Halogen lights
High pressure incandescent
lamps containing halogen gases
such as iodine or bromine
allowing filament to be
operated at higher
temperatures

29. luminaire
A complete lighting unit consisting
of a lamp , ballast as required with
the parts designed to distribute the
light , position and protect the lamp
and connect them to power
supply.

30. Neon lights
Neon lighting consists of brightly glowing , electrified glass
tubes or bulbs that contain rarefied neon or other gases.
Neon lights are a type of cold cathode gas discharge
light. A neon tube light is a sealed glass tube with a metal
electrode at each end , filled with one of a number of
gases at low pressure.
Neon lights were named for neon , a noble gas which
give off a popular red light, but other gases and
chemicals are used to produce other colors, such as
helium(yellow),carbon dioxide(white), mercury(blue).

32. Light emitting diodes(led)
Earlier only halogen or fluorescent lamps could provide
the punch, color, and energy saving for certain
landscape applications, LEDs are now available with
these important attributes , as well as added benefits of
very long life and durability.
Light emitting diodes are tiny bulbs without filament that
are illuminates solely by the movements of electrons in a
semi conductor material.

33. Design ideas

34. Eye-catching Light
Thoughtful landscape lighting is
a treat for the eyes. “You want
people driving by to take a
second look because what
you’ve created is interesting,”
says Chris Mitchell of landscape
lighting firm NiteLiters in
Owensboro, Ky.

35. Mark Parameters
On this walkway, the offset lights
have considerable distance
between them, leading the eye
naturally down the path.
Some are located entirely in the
garden bed while others cast
light onto the path.
“They give you just a little bit of
information,” says Jeff Dross
of Kichler Lighting in Cleveland,
Ohio. “You simply need an idea
of parameters so you can
navigate through the area. Keep
in mind that there will be a fair
amount of natural moonlight at
night to help you as well.”

36. Mix Styles
Using different styles of path lights
in the same scheme can help
you avoid the “good little
soldier” look.
Be sure to clean the lamp
surfaces and check for burned-out
bulbs at least once a year,
and relocate the stakes if plant
growth has blocked their light
output.

37. Less is More
Path lighting is something that is
rarely done well. Whether you
opt for inexpensive stakes or
pricier fixtures, placement is
critical.
Think of them as gentle hints for
where to go next, not outlining
tools or runway lights for an
airplane landing. Fewer is usually
better.

38. Add Color and Texture
Path lights are visual aids in a
dark space, but they also add
color and texture if you place
them near interesting plants.
This way, you can retain pieces
of your garden’s charm long
after the sun sets.

39. Precautions

40. Lack of variety
Be careful not to use too much of the same kind of
lighting.
Vary the outdoor lighting techniques and types to bring
out a fresh and bright look to your landscape.
There are many specific types of outdoor lights to choose
from, such as flood lights, spotlights, and path-lights.
Many contractors solely rely on up lighting. Add some
down lighting for more dimension, to follow good Dark
Sky Practices, and reduce light pollution.

41. Light pollution
Find spotlights with glare guards, and try to place light
sources in subtle locations.
This maintains the elegant look, as well as helps keep the
light from shining directly into anyone's eyes, or directly
towards any neighbors.
Be sure your outdoor lights aren't shining into any nearby
roads, and especially not into your own windows. Try to
include down lighting as a technique.

42. Too symmetrical
It's a common problem found in path-lights:
lights placed too closely and evenly makes the path or
driveway look like a runway.
Try staggering the lights, creating something of a zig zag
pattern from one side to the other. Also, refrain from
putting path-lights equally on opposite sides.

43. Unbalancing lighting
Do not place outdoor lighting fixtures in areas that will
divide a yard.
Make sure the light is balanced amongst the entire
canvas of the property.
You want to draw the eye around the entire yard, not
necessarily toward one specific area.
You especially don't want to create a hard "border" of
light around your property line.

44. Over exaggerating a style
Outdoor lighting is meant to be a subtle addition, and
shouldn't be the complete focus of your yard.
It should accentuate features in your landscape, not be
the point of attention itself.
Beware of creating too much contrast in light and dark
spots, and try not to over-illuminate the house itself.

45. Advantages
The aim of the landscape lighting is fulfilled by revealing
the night hides and enhancing the property, extending
the hours of enjoyment and providing safety and security
to the owners as well as the guests.
The aesthetic qualities of the property increase with the
help of the light fixtures.
Light fixtures arranged in a creative manner are helpful in
creating dramatic effects which in turn shows the beauty
of the place and accentuate the landscape.

46. The buildings which are well-decorated with light fixtures
give the impression of luxury.
The lighted backyard gives the impression of additional
reusable lights space at night.
The outdoor lighting creates an atmosphere for
entertaining on warm summer evenings or in winters
around the fire pits.
The solar lights save money on electricity bills by
eliminating the electrical and maintenance costs.

47. Thank you.
M. Bharathsai BA11ARC023
Narendran Nair BA11ARC032
Pravasith Kumar BA11ARC035
S. Nirmal Bharatwaj BA11ARC040
Nikhil Wakode BA11ARC061