types function and components of steering systems

1. Steering System
Prof. Nitin Malviya
(Associate Professor)
Sagar Institute of Science & Technology,
Bhopal

2. Steering System
Steering is the collection of components,
linkages, etc. which allows a vessel (ship, boat)
or vehicle to follow the desired path.
The most conventional steering arrangement
is to turn the front wheels
using a hand operated steering wheel which
is positioned in front of the driver,

3. Functions of Steering System
•Control of front wheel (sometimes rear wheel)
direction.
•Transmit road feel (slight steering wheel pull
caused by the road surface)
to the drivers hand.
•Maintain correct amount of effort needed to
turn the wheels.
•Absorb most of the shock going to the
steering wheel as the tire hits holes
and bumps in the road.
•Allow for suspension action.

4. Steering Linkage
Basic Steering Systems
Two main types of
steering:
 Linkage or Conventional type
(also known as Parallelogram).
 Rack-and-pinion type.

5. Linkage Steering System

6. Linkage Steering System

7. Main Components of Linkage Steering System
1.Steering Wheel
 It is made up of steel ring welded with hub
by two or three spokes.
Covered with lather or plastic to provide
firm grip.
used by the driver to rotate a steering shaft
that passes through the steering column.

8. Main Components of Linkage Steering System
2.Steering Column
It is a hallow steel pipe
 support steering wheel and shaft
 provide space for electric fittings and controls.

9. Main Components of Linkage Steering System
3.Steering Shaft
It is made by high quality steel.
 transfers turning motion from
the steering wheel to the steering gearbox.

10. Main Components of Linkage Steering System
4.Steering Gear Box
changes turning motion
into a straight-line motion to the left or right.
Steering gear box ratios range from 15:1 to
24:1 (with 15:1, the worm gear turns 15 times
to turn the selector shaft once).
.

12. Main Components of Linkage Steering System
4. Pitman arm/Drop arm
transfers gearbox motion to the steering
linkage.
 Pitman arm is splined to the gearbox.

14. Main Components of Linkage Steering System
5. Drag Link
The drag link connects the pitman arm to the
steering arm, or in some applications it connects
to the tie rod assembly.

15. Main Components of Linkage Steering System
6. Tie Rod
Tie rods are an integral part of your
vehicle's steering. Just as its name suggests,
a tie rod ties your vehicle's steering rack to
the steering arm.
It’s a rod with a “ball and socket” at one
end that connects to the steering arm

16. Main Components of Linkage Steering System
7. Knuckle Arm
It is part of steering linkage that connects
The wheel hub or spindle to the steering
links.

19. Steering Mechanism
Ackermann steering geometry

20. Steering Mechanism
Davis steering geometry

21. Steering Geometry
Camber Angle
Camber angle is the angle made by the wheels of a
vehicle; specifically, it is the angle between the vertical
axis of the wheels used for steering and the vertical axis
of the vehicle when viewed from the front or rear.
If the top of the wheel is farther out than the bottom
(that is, away from the axle), it is called positive
camber; if the bottom of the wheel is farther out than
the top, it is called negative camber.

22. Steering Geometry
Camber Angle

23. Steering Geometry
King Pin Inclination/Steering Axis Inclination
The kingpin inclination is the angle, measured in
degrees, that forms the line passing through the
kingpin and the perpendicular to the ground, looking
at the vehicle from the front,

24. Steering Geometry
King Pin Inclination/Steering Axis Inclination
Steering Axis Inclination (SAI) The angle formed by a
line drawn through the upper and lower pivot points
of the steering axis and a vertical line as viewed from
the front

25. Steering Geometry
Included Angle

26. Steering Geometry
Caster Angle
When viewed from the side, the king pin is
tilted away from the vertical. This is to ensure
that the point of pivot of the wheel, and the
point of contact with the road are not the
same.

27. Steering Geometry
Caster Angle

28. Steering Geometry
Caster Angle
A castor effect on a wheel is when that wheel tends to
line itself up naturally in the straight ahead position, in
line with the force that is pushing it.
To move it away from the straight ahead position,
some force must be applied, and as soon as that
force is removed, the wheel moves back to the
straight ahead position.