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Part Three: Sound, Rhythm, Meter
Sound


Rhyme
 Matching of sounds in two or more words

 End Rhyme
○ Corresponding sounds at the end of lines
 Internal Rhyme
○ Corresponding sounds occur within the lines
From “The Raven”
by Edgar Allan Poe
“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered
weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten
lore --While I nodded nearly napping, suddenly there came
a tapping,
As some one gently tapping, rapping at my chamber
door.
“ „Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my
chamber door --Only this and nothing more.”


Perfect/Exact Rhyme
 Rhyming words share corresponding sounds

and stresses, similar number of syllables
 “Weary” and “dreary”; “lore” and “door”


Imperfect/Approximate/Slant Rhyme
 “dizzy” and “easy”



Feminine Rhyme
 Final syllable of a rhymed word is

unstressed


Masculine Rhyme
 Final syllable of rhymed word is stressed
Rhythm and Meter


Rhythm
 Regular occurrence of accent or stress in

poem or song
 “JACK and JILL went UP the HILL”


Meter
 Measure or patterned count of a line
 Count of stresses in a poem‟s rhythm
Meter


Foot
 Unit of poetic meter
 Iambic
○ iamb
○ Unstressed syllable followed by an accented one
○ “preVENT” “conTAIN”
 Trochaic
○ Trochee
○ Accented syllable followed by unaccented one
○ “FOOTball” “LANGuage”


Foot
 Anapestic
○ Anapest
○ Two unaccented syllables followed by an
accented one
○ “com-pre-HEND”
 Dactylic
○ Dactyl
○ Accented syllable followed by two unaccented
ones
○ “CHEER-ful-ly”


Foot
 Spondee
○ Two accented syllables together
○ “KNICK-KNACK”

 Pyrrhic
○ Two unaccented syllables
○ “of the”
 Both can serve as the subsitute feet for

iambic and trochaic feet
 Cannot be the metrical norm for a poem


Rising Meter
 Move from unaccented to accented
 Iambic and anapestic



Falling Meter
 Move from accented to unaccented
 Dactylic and trochaic
Lines of Poetry
Named based on numbers of feet in the
line
 Tetrameter, pentameter, monometer, etc.

Foot

Meter

Example

Rising feet

iamb
Anapest

iambic
anapestic

Prevent
comprehend

Falling feet

Trochee
Dactyl

Trochaic
Dactylic

Football
Cheerfully

Substitute

Spondee
Pyrrhic

Spondaic
Pyrrhic

Knick-knack
(light) of the
(world)
Number of Feet Per Line
One foot

Monometer

Two feet

Dimeter

Three feet

Trimeter

Four feet

Tetrameter

Five feet

Pentameter

Six feet

Hexameter

Seven feet

Heptameter

Eight feet

octameter


Enjambed
 Run-on lines that may confuse the

observation of meter and rhythm


Metrical Variation
 Change in meter to avoid monotony

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Elementsofpoetry part3

  • 1. Part Three: Sound, Rhythm, Meter
  • 2. Sound  Rhyme  Matching of sounds in two or more words  End Rhyme ○ Corresponding sounds at the end of lines  Internal Rhyme ○ Corresponding sounds occur within the lines
  • 3. From “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe “Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore --While I nodded nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As some one gently tapping, rapping at my chamber door. “ „Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door --Only this and nothing more.”
  • 4.  Perfect/Exact Rhyme  Rhyming words share corresponding sounds and stresses, similar number of syllables  “Weary” and “dreary”; “lore” and “door”  Imperfect/Approximate/Slant Rhyme  “dizzy” and “easy”  Feminine Rhyme  Final syllable of a rhymed word is unstressed  Masculine Rhyme  Final syllable of rhymed word is stressed
  • 5. Rhythm and Meter  Rhythm  Regular occurrence of accent or stress in poem or song  “JACK and JILL went UP the HILL”  Meter  Measure or patterned count of a line  Count of stresses in a poem‟s rhythm
  • 6. Meter  Foot  Unit of poetic meter  Iambic ○ iamb ○ Unstressed syllable followed by an accented one ○ “preVENT” “conTAIN”  Trochaic ○ Trochee ○ Accented syllable followed by unaccented one ○ “FOOTball” “LANGuage”
  • 7.  Foot  Anapestic ○ Anapest ○ Two unaccented syllables followed by an accented one ○ “com-pre-HEND”  Dactylic ○ Dactyl ○ Accented syllable followed by two unaccented ones ○ “CHEER-ful-ly”
  • 8.  Foot  Spondee ○ Two accented syllables together ○ “KNICK-KNACK”  Pyrrhic ○ Two unaccented syllables ○ “of the”  Both can serve as the subsitute feet for iambic and trochaic feet  Cannot be the metrical norm for a poem
  • 9.  Rising Meter  Move from unaccented to accented  Iambic and anapestic  Falling Meter  Move from accented to unaccented  Dactylic and trochaic
  • 10. Lines of Poetry Named based on numbers of feet in the line  Tetrameter, pentameter, monometer, etc. 
  • 12. Number of Feet Per Line One foot Monometer Two feet Dimeter Three feet Trimeter Four feet Tetrameter Five feet Pentameter Six feet Hexameter Seven feet Heptameter Eight feet octameter
  • 13.  Enjambed  Run-on lines that may confuse the observation of meter and rhythm  Metrical Variation  Change in meter to avoid monotony