System software controls internal computer operations like input/output and includes the operating system, language processors, device drivers, and utility software. An operating system coordinates hardware and software resources and acts as an interface between users and applications. Language processors translate high-level programming languages into machine code, compilers convert entire programs at once while interpreters convert line-by-line, and device drivers allow operating systems to communicate with hardware.

1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE A computer is merely a machine that knows nothing of itself. Rather it requires instructions for each and everything it performs. These instructions are provided to it through software. The software that controls internal computer operations ( viz. reading data from input devices, transmitting processed information to the output devices, checking system components, converting data/instructions to computer understandable form etc.) is known as system software. The system software can further be classified into following categories: 1. Operating System 2. Language Processors 3. Device Drivers 4. Utilities or Utility Software

2. OPERATING SYSTEM Hardware is nothing but finely designed machinery. A machine is ultimately a machine only, which is always made to work. In case of computers, it is either us if we do that or ‘some other’ which does it for us. This ‘some other’ is nothing but our very own ‘Operating System’ . Operating System is just like our secretary. As the boss gives orders to his secretary and the secretary does all the work for his boss. The secretary himself decides: How to do? What to do?, etc. etc. Same way, we pass our orders/requests to operating system and ‘the Operating System’ does it for us. ‘Operating System’ itself decides: How to do? What to do? When to do? The primary goal of an operating system is thus to make the computer system convenient to use and secondary goal is to use computer hardware in an efficient manner.

10. Backup Utility This utility program facilitates the backing-up of disk. Back-up means duplicating the disk information so that in case of any damage or data-loss, this backed up data may be used. The files or folders or even drives can be backed up using this utility. You can back up files to floppy disks, a tape drive on even on another computer on your network. The backed up data may be restored when needed i.e. , if your original files are damaged or lost.

11. Compression Utility This utility program facilitates compression of files. Large files can be compressed so that they take less storage area. When needed, these compressed files can be exploded back to their original form. By compression, the files are stored in a special format that takes less space. However, these compressed files cannot be directly used, they need to be exploded back to their original form before they can be worked upon.

12. Disk Defragmentor This utility program attempts to minimize the fragmentation on your disk. A file is fragmented when it becomes too large for your computer to store in a single location on a disk. When this happens, your computer splits the file up and stores it in pieces. You can use fragmented files, but it takes your computer longer to access them. Disk Defragmentor speeds up disk access by rearranging the files and free space on your computer, so that files are stored in contiguous units and free space is consolidated in one contiguous block.

13. Antivirus Software This utility program ensures virus-free work environment. A computer virus is a computer program that can inject other computer programs by modifying them in such a way as to include a copy of itself. A virus not only copies itself but also makes the computer system behave abnormally. For instance, unknown or unasked messages may get flashed or unwanted music gets played or unwanted graphical displays might occur. An antivirus software scans your disk for viruses and removes them, if any virus is found. Moreover, some antivirus software remains present in memory all the time so that they can detect the viruses (as soon as they occur) and counterattack them.

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