2. Psikologi Komunikasi
Tentative topics :
 Introducing Communication
 Persepsi dalam komunikasi
 Komunikasi verbal
 Komunikasi nonverbal
 Mendengarkan (listening)
 Komunikasi interpersonal
 Komunikasi dalam konteks organisasi
 Komunikasi massa

3. Recommended read
 Knapp, M. L. & Hall, J. A. (2010). Nonverbal communication in
human interaction (7th ed). Boston: Wadsworth.
 Kuswarno, E. dkk. (2010). Komunikasi kontekstual: Teori dan
praktik komunikasi kontemporer. Bandung: PT Remaja
Rosdakarya.
 Morreale, S. P., Spitzberg, B. H. & Barge, J. K. (2007). Human
communication: Motivation, knowledge, and skills. Belmont:
Thomson Higher Education.
 Rakhmat, J. (2004). Psikologi komunikasi. Bandung: PT. Remaja
Rosdakarya.
 Severin, W. J. & Tankard, Jr. W. T. (1992). Communication
theories: Origins, methods, and uses in the mass media (3rd ed).
New York: Longman.
 Tubbs, S. L. & Moss, S. (2003). Human communication: Principles
and contexts. New York: McGraw-Hill.

4. Struktur evaluasi
UTS = 30 %
Tugas individu = 20 %
Tugas kelompok = 30 %
Aktifitas di kelas = 20 %

5.  No plagiat
 No cheat
 80 % kehadiran (max. 3 x tidak hadir
tatap muka)
 HP dan/ gadget lainnya di-non-aktif-
kan atau silent
 Datang tepat waktu (…)

6. What is communication?

7. Dilihat dari sejarah perkembangannya, komunikasi dibesarkan oleh para
peneliti psikologi. Banyak sekali definisi komunikasi. Dance (1970)
menghimpun tidak kurang dari 98 definisi komunikasi. Menurut kamus
psikologi (Rakhmat, 2004) : Dictionary of Behavioral
Science, menyebutkan 6 pengertian komunikasi :
1. Penyampaian perubahan energi dari satu tempat yang lain, seperti dalam
sistem saraf, atau penyampaian gelombang – gelombang suara.
2. Penyampaian atau penerimaan signal atau pesan oleh organisme.
3. Pesan yang disampaikan
4. Teori komunikasi: Proses yang dilakukan satu sistem untuk
mempengaruhi sistem yang lain melalui pengaturan signal – signal yang
disampaikan
5. K. Lewin: Pengaruh satu wilayah personal pada wilayah personal yang
lain sehingga perubahan dalam satu wilayah menimbulkan perubahan
pada wilayah lain.
6. Pesan pasien kepada pemberi terapi dalam psikoterapi.

8. Some definitions are long and complex, whereas others
are brief and simple.
 Communication refers to the process of human beings
responding to the symbolic behavior of other persons
(Adler & Rodman, 2006).
 Payne (2001) Communication is the negotiation of a
shared meaning.
 Tubbs dan Moss (2003) Communication is the process of
creating a meaning between two or more people.
 Communication is the process of managing messages
and media for the purpose of creating meaning
(Frey, Botan, & Kreps, 2000).

9.  Messages
are the words, sounds, actions, and gestures that
people express to one another when they interact.
Messages may be expressed verbally in words or
nonverbally in sounds, actions, and gestures.
Messages may be symbolic. A symbol is a
word, sound, action, or gesture that refers to
something else.
 Language is a verbal symbol system that allows us to take
messages and utterances, in the form of words, and translate
them into meaning.
 Nonverbal symbols are those sounds, actions, or gestures that
people agree have a common meaning. Example :

10.  Media
adalah sarana agar simbol dapat tersampaikan dan
makna terwakili.
 Our everyday speaking and listening occur through the use of
our own voice, gestures, and body to communicate through
natural media.
 Pens and papers were early media for writing,.Telephones
transfer voice, sms, and images (through
videophones), internet, e-mail, etc. The options for
communicating through technological media have vastly
expanded in the past century.

11.  Meaning
Meaning berarti interpretasi orang atas suatu pesan
dan bagaimana pesan itu dipahami.
Meaning for words and events may be personal and
unique depend on your own personal history, your
culture, your political and religious beliefs or it may be
shared with others.
 Virus : If you are a doctor, the term virus refers to an infectious
agent that invades and takes over human cells. But if you are a
computer programmer, virus refers to a rogue computer program
that corrupts your files or does other damage.
 Matang : bagi ilmuwan psikologi bermakna perubahan/penuaan fisik
disertai dengan bertambahnya pengetahuan dan pengalaman pada
seseorang. Akan tetapi, bagi tukang kebun bermakna buah yang
sudah tua dan sudah sampai waktunya untuk dipetik, dimakan, dsb.

12.  Managing
Managing typically refers to the handling or
supervising of people or some process or material.
In communication, we manage the process of
creating, receiving, and responding to verbal and
nonverbal messages and media.
Contoh :
Ketika secara tidak sengaja bertemu teman lama di jalan. Kita
akan memilih/mengelola perilaku tertentu baik verbal maupun
nonverbal, seperti menjabat tangan, kemudian memeluk dan
bertanya ―apa kabar bro?, lama tidak bertemu‖ dan lain – lain.

13. Models of Communication

14.  Communication as Information Transfer/linear
model of communication
A source, or sender, is the original producer of the message and in human
communication is a person. The channel is the medium through which a message is
sent. The receiver of the message is the person or group of people who is the ultimate
audience for the message. The source encodes a message, or puts a thought into
words, and transmits it through a channel, or a medium through which the message
travels to a receiver. The receiver then decodes, or assigns meaning to, the message.
These messages may be interrupted, intercepted, or altered by noise, which is any type
of interference that distracts us from the communication.

15.  Communication as Sharing Meaning
 The interactive model of communication
The interactive model views communication as sharing meaning and adds a
feedback loop that links the receiver to the source. An interactive model of
communication emphasizes two-way communication between
communicators.

16. o The transactional model of communication
The transactional model maintains that people are simultaneously senders and receivers
of messages. The transactional model of communication differs from the interactive
model because it views the source and receiver as engaging in encoding and decoding
simultaneously. Furthermore, it accounts for personal fields of meaning.

17.  Communication as Persuasion
Persuasion is the use of communication to reinforce, change, or modify
an audience’s attitudes, values, beliefs, or actions. When trying to
persuade others, you might typically ask yourself questions such as
these:
 Who am I attempting to persuade? Who is the target of my persuasive
attempt? What are the target person’s key attitudes, values, and beliefs?
 What kinds of arguments can I use to persuade the target person? How
do these arguments fit the target person’s key attitudes, values, and
beliefs?
 What kinds of appeals or arguments would most successfully persuade
my target?
 How will the target of my persuasion need to act for me to know I have
succeeded?
Communication is successful to the degree to which you are able to get
other people to do what you want. Successful communication is
measured by your ability to persuade others and move them in the
direction you choose.

18.  Communication as Community
Understanding the idea of community is challenging because people may belong
to multiplecommunities simultaneously, and the way we communicate can create
different types of community.

19. All four models of communication—information
transfer, sharing meaning, persuasion, and community—are
useful when deciding how to communicate in different
situations.
 The information transfer model is useful in mass
communication or when giving instructions to a large group of
people.
 Communication as shared meaning may help a work team
adopt the organization’s vision.
 If a salesperson needs to fulfill a quota to keep his or her
job, communication as persuasion may best accomplish the
task.
 Communication as community is about coordinating our
actions with others to bring about desirable goals.
However, each model provides only partial insight into the
communication process because it allows us to focus on only
what it highlights as important.