This session emphasizes on communicative approach of teaching English language. It stresses on- 1. Communication 2. Basic skills of learning a language Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing 3. Expressions and phrases in Indian English 4. SMS language

1. Communicative
Approach of Teaching
English Language
Conducted by
Dr. Nicholas Correa
on
28th January 2012
Organised by
Ratna Sagar P. Ltd.

2. Introduction
1. Icebreaking Activity: Meet your friends and
write as many names as you remember.
2. Introduce your friend to the audience:
Name, school, place and hobby.

3. How do we make new friends?

4. Encounter

5. Communication

6. Activity: Miming
Two volunteers will be sent out of the group.
The decides to mime any one event. Example :
Birthday party. The group would demonstrate
the event through miming. The volunteer has
to decipher the signs made through miming
and name the event.

7. Components of communication
1. Sender
a. Source
b. Encoding
2. Message
a. Medium
b. Decoding
3. Receiver

9. When we learn a language,
we need four skills for
complete a communication.

10. Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing

11. When we learn our native
language, we usually learn
to listen first,
then to speak,
then to read,
and finally to write.

12. The four language skills are related to each other in two
ways:
•the direction of communication (in or out)
•the method of communication (spoken or written)
Input is sometimes called "reception" and output is
sometimes called "production".
Spoken is also known as "oral".

14. Listening:

15. Listening:
Listening is the language modality that is used most
frequently.
It has been estimated that adults spend almost half their
communication time listening, and students may
receive as much as 90% of their in-school information
through listening to instructors and to one another.

16. Listening Competencies

17. There are many two way links within the brain that are involved in listening.

18. Listen to the poem:
Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening:
By Robert Frost

19. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Robert Frost
He gives his harness bells a
Whose woods these are I think I
shake
know.
To ask if there is some
His house is in the village,
mistake.
though;
The only other sound's the
He will not see me stopping here
sweep
To watch his woods fill up with
Of easy wind and downy
snow.
flake.
My little horse must think it
The woods are lovely, dark,
queer
and deep,
To stop without a farmhouse
But I have promises to keep,
near
And miles to go before I
Between the woods and frozen
sleep,
lake
And miles to go before I
The darkest evening of the year.
sleep.

20. Listen to the Song : Life cycle of a Butterfly

21. How much do we listen?

22. Not all listening is
the same.
Casual greetings,
require a
different sort of
listening capability
than do academic
lectures.

24. Language learning
requires
intentional listening
that employs
strategies for
identifying sounds
and making
meaning from them

25. Listening: Identifying Sounds
1. Conversation : Planning a business trip.
2. Song: The Sun
3. Poem: The Road Not Taken

26. The Road Not Taken
Robert Frost
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And both that morning equally lay
And sorry I could not travel both In leaves no step had trodden black
And be one traveler, long I stood Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
And looked down one as far as I could
I doubted if I should ever come back.
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Then took the other, as just as fair Somewhere ages and ages hence:
And having perhaps the better claim, Two roads diverged in a wood, and I
Because it was grassy and wanted wear; I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.
Though as for that, the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,

27. Three components of listening:
•Sender
(a person, radio, television)
•Message, and
• Receiver (the listener).

29. Speaking skill

30. Speaking is the
productive skill in the
oral mode.
It, like the other skills, is
more complicated than
it seems at first and
involves more than just
pronouncing words.

31. Impact of Mother Tongue/Vernaculars:

32. An extract of a speech of Martin Luther King Jr.

33. I Have A Dream
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning
of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created
equal.“
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves
and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table
of brotherhood.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they
will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and
mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked
places will be made straight; "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all
flesh shall see it together."

34. "I Have a Dream" is a
17-minute public
speech by Martin
Luther
King, Jr. delivered on
August 28, 1963, in
which he called
for racial equality
and an end
to discrimination.

35. There are three kinds of speaking situations in which we
find ourselves:
Interactive, Partially interactive,
Non-interactive.

36. Activity:
•Turn your the tongue in your mouth:
Right to left
Left to right
•Do re mi pa so la si do

37. Dialogue: Telephonic Conversation
Listen carefully to a dialogue.
A dialogue to convey a message

38. Typical Indian English
Expressions

39. Read these sentences
At the first meeting
Krish: What is your good name, sir?”
Steve: “Steve”
Krish: “It is nice knowing you, Steve Ji!”
They become fast friends
Krish: “Hey Boss, are you enjoying the movie?”
Steve: Yes.
Steve: And you?
Krish: “Simply! Enjoying to the maximum!”
Steve: How was the movie?”
Krish: “First-class!”
Krish is above to leave the place
Steve: When are returning?
Krish: May be within a fortnight. I will give you a ring
over the week-end.”

40. Advertisement in matrimonial column:
Girl, 29, convent-educated, single and
innocent, wheatish complexion, software
professional seeks a suitable boy. Caste
and creed no bar.

41. Advertisement in matrimonial column
Boy, 31, Malayalee, foreign-returned, IT
professional seeks a homely girl

42. The L TTE committed a Himalayan blunder ( a big mistake)
by killing our former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.
The Congress high command ( Top leader/President) does
not want him to contest the general election.
We suspect a foreign hand (involvement of a foreign
organization or individual) in the recent bomb blast in
Bangalore.
I bought a new iron box for two thousand rupees.
The word iron is used by native speakers of English, but in
India we use the term iron box. I bought a new iron for two
thousand rupees.

43. My cousin-brother is in Australia.
There is no cousin brother or cousin sister in
English. Your cousin is your uncle's or aunt's son or
daughter. Jane is my cousin.
Let's go to the station by auto.
The auto is to mean auto-rickshaw. Let's go to the
train station by auto-rickshaw.
A new cinema is going to be released tomorrow.
The actual meaning of the word cinema is a place
where films / movies are screened. A new movie is
going to be released tomorrow.

44. Ragging is a criminal offence.
In Indian English expressions, the term ragging means
harassment of new students by seniors in educational
institutions. In Britain, the word rag means a series of
amusing events and activities organized by college
students once a year to collect money for charity.
Give me a ring:
‘Give me a call’, is a better way of saying the same, when
you want someone to call you. It has nothing to do with
ring – the engagement ring, or friendship ring, or the
wedding ring….

45. Tell me!:
Used when answering the phone. Just
say ’how can I help you’ or ‘what can I do for
you’. In Hindi ‘bolo”
Convey her my greetings:
‘Give her my regards’ may convey the
message better.

46. Innocent divorcee:
It refers to someone who is forced to divorce with no
fault of his/her own. Both sides probably feel that the
fault lies with the other side, so the usage of word
‘innocent’ may not be understood.
Issue-less divorce:
Probably means a divorce that is finalized; every
divorce happens due to some issues.
Reading: My son is reading in Class V.
The word reading is used for studying.

47. Make a move: I will make a move now.
It means 'I'm leaving', not 'making a move on someone',
or anything related to chess.
Take: I don't take meat/milk/whatever.
I don't eat meat/ drink milk, etc.
Where do you put up? :
Where are you currently staying?
Throw dust in one’s eyes:
To fool someone. Don’t throw dust in my eyes.
Pulling one’s legs
Krish is a smart guy. He likes pulling others legs.

48. Rubber :- Pencil eraser
cent per cent :- 100 per cent
shirt-pant or pant-shirt :- Shirt and Trousers
tight slap :- hard slap:
Out of station :- out of town.
Pin-drop silence :- Extreme silence (quiet enough to hear a
pin drop).
Railway Station :- Train station.

49. loose motion :- diarrhea
prepone :- To bring something forward in time.
The opposite of postpone.
cousin-brother (male-cousin)
eve-teasing (harassment of women)
godown (warehouse)
tiffin: Light midday meal.
Solid: Indian team

50. Reading

51. eonvrye that can raed this rsaie your hnad.

52. I cdnuolt blveiee that I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd
what I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the
hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at
Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't mtaetr in what
oerdr the ltteres in a word are, the olny iproamtnt
tihng is that the frsit and last ltteer be in the rghit
pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can still
raed it whotuit a pboerlm. This is bcuseae the
huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef,
but the word as a wlohe. Azanmig huh? Yaeh and I
awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!

53. Types of reading
• Loud reading: It also • Reading for
comes under the entertainment
public speaking skills
• Reading for learning
• Silent reading: the language
• Reading for • Critical reading
comprehension
• Seen and unseen
• Reading for content for reading
information

54. Seen passages
• Loud reading / silent • Questions on thinking
reading out of the box
• Comprehension: • Extended questions
• Short answers, • Reason and application
• long answers • Syntax
• Questions on Higher • Composition
order thinking skills • Vocabulary

55. Unseen passages:
•Comprehension
•Vocabulary
•Spellings of the words isn’t main focus
•Meaning of the word must be
•understood in context. Exact meaning
isn’t essential.

56. Techniques of reading unseen passages:
•Fist read the questions and understand
•Skim: quick reading, scan, float, etc.
•Try to co relate what you are reading with the
questions which have already read.
•Don’t waste time on understanding the meaning of the
words
•Try to understand the meaning of the words through
the complete sentence or paragraph or context.
•If you cannot answer the questions asked read them
again and read the passage.
•If you are unable to get the answer of any question do
not waste time. Leave the question and answer it later
when you get time.

57. Steps for reading seen passages/language text
book:
When we help our students to read the lessons we
must focus on the following steps to energise the
whole brain.
•Connect
•Reflect
•Imagine
•Read
•Consolidate
•Create
•Extend
•Relate

58. Testing vocabulary
Homophones
Homographs
Homonyms
Antonyms
Synonyms
Gender
Number
Collocation
Palindrome
Acronym
Acrostic poems

59. Homophone:
Words with similar or same pronunciation but with
different spellings and meanings.
1 can cane
2 man mane
3 fair fare
4 mar Mare
5 fat Fate
6 See* Sea*
7 Meet* Meat*
8 Feet* Feat*

60. Homograph: Words with varying pronunciation and
meaning but with the retention same spelling .
1 Blessed: /blɛsɨd/ Adj: having ɛst/ vb: past tense of
Blessed: /ˈbl
divine aid blessed
2 Bow: /boʊ/: n: a weapon ʊ
Bow: /ˈba/ vb: to bend
Conduct: /ˈ kɒndəkt/: n: Action ʌ
Conduct: /kənˈdkt/: vb: to lead
ɪ
Buffet: /bəˈfe/ ~ /ˈ bʊfeɪ/:n: ʌ
Buffet: /ˈbfɨt/: vb: to strike
sideboard meal
Wind: /ˈ wɪnd/ n: air movement ɪ
Wind: /ˈwand/: vb: to tighten a spring
Use: /ˈ /: n: benefit, function
juˈs Use: /ˈjuˈz/ utilise, employ
: vb:
Tear: /ˈ tɪər/: n: rolling of tears ɛər/: to separate , split, destroy
Tear: /ˈt
Resume: /ˈ rɛzjʉmeɪ/: n: curriculum Resume: /rɨˈzjuˈm to start again
/vb:
vitae
Read: /ˈ / riˈd Read: /ˈrɛd/
Minute: /maɪˈnjuˈt/ n: Minute: /ˈmɪnət/adj: small

61. Homonym: Words with the retention of same
pronunciation and spellings but varying meanings.
1 Address: Location Address: Speech, lecture, etc
2 Attribute : Quality, Attribute:
characteristics
3 Close: adj: nearby Close: vb: to shut
4 Delta: n: land at the mouth Delta: n: fourth letter of Greek
of the river alphabet
5 Novel: n: fiction Novel: adj: new, original, fresh
6 Pen: marker Pen: n: enclosure
7 Patient: n: sick person Patient: vb: tolerant, enduring
8 Desert: arid/barren region Desert: ice cream

62. Writing Skills

63. Story
A story has characters: A prince, a dragon, a farmer,
a tree, fox and crow, etc.
Has descriptions: Character must have names and
must be described. Eg: How does it look? Is he tall,
short etc. What kind of person is he? Kind, nervous,
happy, etc.
•Has actions: Main actions in the story
•A story has be a problem.
•A story has a solution.
•A story has three clear parts
•A Beginning: How did it begin
•A Middle: Main actions: A problem.
•An End: Main actions: A solution.

64. •When you write a story remember....
•To write simple but complete
sentences.
•To use paragraphs when the action
changes.
•To make three parts for your story
•
•To check your spellings

65. Story Planning Grid
Particulars Cinderella
Plot Cinderella is ill treated by step mother and sisters. Helped
by magic fairy godmother. Goes to the Ball. Dances with
Prince. Loses glass slipper. Marries prince.
Characters Cinderella, step mother, two step sisters. Fairy Godmother,
Prince.
Description/Vocabulary Enchanting, palatial, crystal, shrewish, incompetent,
anxious, green with envy, etc.
Setting Cinderella’s kitchen, palace hall and steps.
Beginning Cinderella had beautiful brown eyes and even among the
cinders she looked pretty.
Problem/Middle Cinderella is ill treated and needs to be rescued. Prince
doesn’t know where to find Cinderella after the Ball.
Resolution/End The glass slipper must fit the one the prince marries.
Cinderella is found and marries the prince.

66. SMS language
Acronyms are used most often to abbreviate names
of organizations and long or frequently referenced
terms.
The use of acronyms has been further popularized with
the emergence of Short Message Systems (SMS).
To fit messages into the 160-Character limit of SMS the
acronyms have been popularized into the mainstream.
SMS language is common on the internet like Email,
instant messaging.

67. SMS language does not always obey or follow standard
grammar, and the words used are not usually found in
standard dictionaries or recognized by language
academies.
The objective of SMS language is to use the least
number of characters needed to convey a comprehensible
message, also as many telecommunication companies
have an SMS character limit, another benefit of SMS
language is to reduce the character count of a message,
hence, punctuation, grammar, and capitalization are
largely ignored.

68. Examples:
1.(e.g LOL ( laughing out loud) "GF" (girl friend), DL
(download)
2. (e.g. "i <3 u" which uses the pictogram of a heart for love, and
the letter u replaces you).
3. (e.g. dictionary becomes dctnry and keyboard becomes kybrd).
4. ttyl: talk to you later, omg: o my god,
Single letters can replace words
•be becomes b
•see or sea becomes c
•okay becomes k or kk
•are becomes r
•you becomes u
•why becomes y
•oh becomes o

69. Single digits can replace words
•won or one becomes 1
•to or too becomes 2
•for becomes 4
•ate becomes 8

70. A single letter or digit can replace a syllable or phoneme
•to or too becomes 2, so:
tomorrow becomes 2mro or 2moro
today becomes 2day
•for or fore becomes 4, so:
before becomes b4
forget becomes 4get
•ate becomes 8, so:
great becomes gr8
late becomes l8
mate becomes m8
wait becomes w8
hate becomes h8
date becomes d8
later becomes l8r or l8a
crate becomes cr8
skate becomes sk8
skater becomes sk8r
•and becomes &
•thank you becomes 10q, thnq, ty

71. Combinations of the above can shorten a
single or multiple words
•your and you're become ur
•wonderful becomes 1drfl
•someone becomes sum1
•no one becomes no1
•any one become any1 or ne1
•see you becomes cu or cya
•for you becomes 4u
•easy becomes ez
•enjoy becomes njoy
•adieu becomes +u