Semiotics in Mapping and Emergency Response
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Presentation for the Semiotics Web and Information Architecture meetup at New York Public Library discusses symbology in mapping as an aspect of semiotics; gives an example of emergency response map symbology and discussion of applications for first responders and broader uses.
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Semiotics in Mapping and Emergency Response
- 1. Semiotics, Mapping and Emergencies Signs, Symbols and Information Architecture Noreen Whysel New York Public Library, Morningside Branch November 1, 2014
- 2. Mapping Symbology Features of the real world symbolized on maps as: Points Lines Areas Source: Semiotics. GIS Wiki. http://gis.com/wiki/index.php/Semiotics/
- 3. Geographic Information Systems Cartographic symbols represent Direction Location Distance Function Source: Semiotics. GIS Wiki. http://gis.com/wiki/index.php/Semiotics/
- 4. 3 Branches of Semiotics Syntax: Relation between objects on a map and the real world. Semantics: Relation between objects on a map and the data they represent. Pragmatics: Relation between the objects and the person viewing the map. Source: Semiotics. GIS Wiki. http://gis.com/wiki/index.php/Semiotics/
- 5. Syntax
- 6. Semantics Blue Rivers and Bodies of Water Compass Rose pointing North Distance gauge Identifying Labels Population Areas Source: 1869 Kitchen - Shannon Map of New York City. Geographicus.
- 7. Source: Massimo Vignelli’s Iconic 1972 NYC Subway Map http://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/vignelli-subway-map-19721.jpg
- 8. Pragmatics How the map user responds to the map symbology. Context Mental Model e.g., Wayfinding
- 9. Pragmatics
- 10. Semiology of Graphics Jacques Bertin. Semiology of Graphics. 1967. Monosemic: “A system is monosemic when the meaning of each sign is known prior to observation of the collection of signs.”[citation needed] An example of a monosemic sign is a mathematical problem, a painting, or a map. Monosemic is when the meaning of a sign was understood beforehand (Google map) Source: Semiotics. GIS Wiki. http://gis.com/wiki/index.php/Semiotics/
- 11. Semiology of Graphics Jacques Bertin. Semiology of Graphics. 1967. Polysemic: “A system is polysemic when the meaning of the individual signs follows and is deduced from considerations of the collection of signs.”[citation needed]An example of polysemic is a an abstract painting or a verbal expression. Polysemic is when the sign is better understood after studying the sign (Yelp Monocle or Massimo’s subway map, unusual orientations). Source: Semiotics. GIS Wiki. http://gis.com/wiki/index.php/Semiotics/
- 12. Semiotics and Emergency Response
- 14. RED
- 15. Source: Colours in Cultures. Information is Beautiful Anger Danger Heat
- 16. Good Luck Love Passion Success Source: Colours in Cultures. Information is Beautiful.
- 18. Emergency Response Symbology Points Hospitals and first aid stations Police and first responder stations Call boxes Fire hydrants, standpipes Points of entrance and egress Lines Evacuation routes, major roads and intersections Areas Flood zones, Disaster areas, Quarantine zones
- 19. Emergency Response Symbology Source: FDNY. http://events.esri.com/conference/sagList/?fa=Detail&SID=1845#
- 20. Standard Symbol for Emergency? Symbol sets support Common Operating Picture United States Department of Homeland Security Canada EMS, Influenced by HSWG - Homeland Security Working Group (ANSI INCITIS 415- 2006 and the related mil spec: MIL-STD 2525C) CAP-CP - Canadian Profile of the Common Alerting Protocol NIDM - Canadian National Infrastructure Data Model (which was heavily influenced by the US-Canada Cross-Border Infrastructure Plan) There are no standard symbol sets for emergency response. Source: Symbology. GIS Wiki. http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Symbology
- 21. Canada EMS Funded by GeoConnections Supports emergency management applications national Multi-Agency Situation Awareness Systems (MASAS) Targets web applications but can be used with desktop appliations Source: Symbology. GIS Wiki. http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Symbology
- 22. U.S. Standard Symbol Set Partners: Department of Homeland Security Pennsylvania State University GeoVISTA Center Deliverables: Distributed, collaborative process and toolset Web-based Symbology service Source: US Dept of Homeland Security, http://www.fgdc.gov/HSWG/index.html
- 23. Distributed Process and Toolkit 1. A distributed, collaborative web based process and toolset that allow users to: Review their existing symbology Identify missing, redundant, ambiguous symbols Identify poor symbol labels and definitions Develop logical symbol categories Source: US Dept of Homeland Security, http://www.fgdc.gov/HSWG/index.html
- 24. Web-Based Symbology Service SymbolStore.com Find relevant symbols using keyword search Review available symbols along with metadata such as: symbol name and description; where they are used (what organizations); are they part of a standard; etc. Preview symbols on different scale maps Select and download symbols Publish symbols and symbol libraries to the Symbol Store Source: US Dept of Homeland Security, http://www.fgdc.gov/HSWG/index.html
- 25. Web-Based Symbology Service SymbolStore Prototype ANSI 415-2006 (FGDC HSWG) HSIP FEMA DHS NPPD Source: US Dept of Homeland Security, http://www.fgdc.gov/HSWG/index.html
- 26. SymbolStore Source: SymbolStore. http://www.symbolstore.com
- 27. Thanks! Noreen Y. Whysel @nwhysel http://www.whysel.com Information Architecture Institute (iainstitute.org) GISMO (gismonyc.org) IDESG (idecosystem.org) OWASP KBA Project (owasp.org)
Notas del editor
- We are all familiar with the symbols of maps. Lines for roads, points for towns, areas for land masses, buildings, parks and bodies of water, etc..
- Semiotics applied to mapping
- In the context of cartography, syntax refers to how individual map elements such as points and lines relate to one another to create a cohesive map. We know that the white grid represent streets and intersections on a land mass and that points on the map are centered on cohesive parts such as the Columbia University campus and surrounding parks.
- In cartography, semantics refer to the meaning of the map symbology and how it represents its real world counterpart. Standards: blue water, green parks, compass rose pointing North, distance measures, populatio areas
- What happens when these conventions are thrown out of wack? Massimo Vignelli’s Iconic 1972 New York City Subway map confused visitors. Lays out subway lines and stops but did not represent the real world. Central Park appears to be wider than it is long. Water is brown. (It does show which way is North.)
- Concerning cartography, pragmatics refer to how the map user responds to the map symbology.
- When we see a map, whether it is on the web, in an app or on paper, we understand it as a map because we have seen maps before. Our understanding of lines, points and areas come from our past experiences with maps.
- In a novel map, we need to study the map to understand what it represents
- What are semiotics of emergency?
- The color red
- Anger, Danger, Heat
- Good Luck, Love, Happiness, Passion Success, Marriage Strong Emotion Source: Colors in Cultures. Information is Beautiful. http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/colours-in-cultures/
- The color red In Emergencies, eye catching In Nature, poisonous bugs, mushrooms, frogs. Not only human, coded in the way we perceive and understand the world around us.
- In 2014, The Fire Department of NYC created a series of maps to prepare for the Super Bowl XVLIII Boulevard in Times Square. PenBay systems developed a series of symbols indicating where emergency services and materials would be located. The FDNY GIS Unit in conjunction with PenBay Solutions created an app that allowed the end user to have various information including Super Bowl venues, Super Bowl events, FDNY special event field resources, building information cards, subway floor plans, live traffic cameras, street closures, routes and operational zones. The app also allowed the end user on to view only the data that was relevant for a specific day of operation.
- Since 2005, the US Dept of Homeland Security has been working with the Pennsylvania State University’s GeoVISTA Center to promote standardization and sharing of map symbology throughout DHS components and the public safety community
- EMS is designed to support emergency management applications across Canada, including the national Multi-Agency Situation Awareness Systems (MASAS). EMS is part of efforts to create a Common Operational Picture both with emergency management agencies and with the public at large. It targets Web applications, but can also be used with traditional desktop application
- Since 2005, the US Dept of Homeland Security has been working with the Pennsylvania State University’s GeoVISTA Center to promote standardization and sharing of map symbology throughout DHS components and the public safety community
- 2. A web-based Symbology service (Symbol Store) that allows users to:
- The prototype Symbol Store will initially be populated with ANSI 415-2006 (FGDC HSWG), HSIP, FEMA, and DHS NPPD symbols)