Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and stroke volume and can be measured using several techniques in critically ill patients, including bioreactance, pulse contour analysis, and transpulmonary thermodilution. Lactate levels, urine output, and physical examination findings are also important to evaluate cardiac output and fluid status in critically ill patients, especially those with septic shock.

1. Cardiac Output
in the
Resus Room

3. Cardiac Output
CO = HR x SV
CO = MAP - P RA
(Hagen-Poiseuille’s)
SVR

4. Dark Side of the Moon

5. Right Side
Cardiac Output

6. CO - VR
Crit Care Med 2013; 41:1-7

7. Septic Shock
Crit Care Med 2013; 41:1-7

9. Bioimpedance / Bioreactance

10. Pulse Contour

11. Trans-Pulmonary-Thermodilution

12. Podcast 86 – IVC Ultrasound for
Fluid Tolerance in Spontaneously
Breathing Patients – EAT IT
STONE

13. LACTAT
E
Urine Output
Examination

14. Pressure
Flow