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1. Cold War
1947-1991

2. VS
A Battle of Ideologies
And Changing the balance of power
United States of
America(USA)
Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics
(USSR)

3. What is Cold war?
This term is used to describe the relationship
between America and the Soviet Union 1945 to
1980. Neither side ever fought the other - the
consequences would be too appalling - but they
did ‘fight’ for their beliefs using other states who
fought for their beliefs on their behalf .

4. The competition
between the
superpowers
influenced the foreign
policies, political
institutions, and
economic systems of
societies in almost
every corner of the
world.

5. Historical and intellectual paradigms
#Adam smith #Karl Marx n’ Fredric Engles
*Capitalism *Socialism/Communism

6. Communism was Based
on the 1848 publication
'Communist Manifesto'
by two German political
philosophers, Karl Marx
(1818-1883) and his
close associate Friedrich
Engels (1820-1895)
What is
communism?

7. It’s a economic and
social system in
which all (or nearly
all) property and
resources are
collectively owned by
a classless society
and not by individual
citizens

8. Capitalists believe that
markets are efficient
and should thus
function without
interference, and the
role of the state is to
regulate and protect.
What is Capitalism?
First In 1776 work,
Adam Smith
describe the
essential features of
capitalism and how it
functions in “An
Inquiry into the
Nature and Causes
of the Wealth of
Nations”

9. Why were these two super powers so distrustful of
the other?
America Soviet Union
Free elections No elections or fixed
Democratic Autocratic / Dictatorship
Capitalist Communist
‘Survival of the fittest’
Everybody helps
everybody
Richest world power Poor economic base
Personal freedom
Society controlled by the
NKVD (secret police)
Freedom of the media Total censorship

10. The Bolsheviks ,1919(1st
socialist movement in
Russia) overthrew the
existing Russian
government.
In December 1922 began
the formation of the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics
(USSR) under Communist
control.
War before the War
Bolshevik leader
Vladimir Lenin

11. But The capitalist United
States refused to recognize
the Soviet state until 1933.
The seeds of hostility
between the United States
and the USSR began near
the end of World War I.
 America had depicted the
Soviet Union as almost the
devil-incarnate. The Soviet
Union had depict America
likewise.
War before the War

12. The USA and the USSR fought as
allies during World War Two, their
relationship after the war would
be firm and friendly.
This never happened and any
appearance that these two
powers were friendly during the
war is illusory.
Their ‘friendship’ during the
war was simply the result of
having a mutual enemy - Nazi
Germany.
Friendship!!

13. Causes of the Cold War
 The end of World War II and changes in the balance of
power
 Rebuilding Europe
 The Truman Doctrine (1947)
 European Recovery Program
 Marshall Plan, 1947
 Soviet troops occupied Eastern Europe and the Iron
Curtain
 Division of Germany

14. Major Leaders at the beginning
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
US President
Joseph Stalin
Russian Leader
The "Big Three" at the Yalta
Conference, Winston Churchill,
Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph
Stalin

15. Causes of cold war
Again The Big three: Winston Churchill, Harry S.
Truman and Joseph Stalin and the Potsdam
Conference (17 July to 2 August 1945)

16. Leaders of the cold war

17. Josef Stalin (1878-1953)
was the Dictator leader of
the Soviet Communist Party
from 1922 until his death in
1953.
He led the Soviet Union
through World War II and
believed that his country
made the greatest sacrifices
to defeat Nazi Germany.
Stalin Rules
Cause…

18. Harry S. Truman, 33rd
president of the United
States assumed a combative
stance against what he
considered Soviet
aggression.
His policy was to help war
effected Europe to resist
socialist threats.
THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE
Cause…

19. THE MARSHALL PLAN-The European recovery program
Cause…
The European recovery
program known as Marshall
Plan was designed
according to the Truman
Doctrine.
The plan, which tried to
check the spread of
Communism, called for the
United States to spend
more than $13 billion to aid
war effected European
countries.
George C. Marshall

20. Division of Germany :Occupation zone borders in
Germany as of 21 February 1947 (valid up to 22 Apr 1949).
At the end of World War II, the Allied powers divided conquered Germany into
four zones, each occupied by either the United States, Great Britain, France, or
the Soviet Union (as agreed at the Potsdam Conference). The same was done
with Germany's capital city, Berlin.
Cause…

22. After the 2nd world war Stalin imply his dominance
on eastern Europe.
And Americans were not really happy with Stalin's
power grab in Eastern Europe and began to take
measures to contain Soviet influence. .
Both of them had there own Justifications……..
BUT
The Cold War was on.
Eastern Blockade
Cause…

23. Eastern Blockade
Cause…

24. Iron Curtain
British prime minister Winston
Churchill in a speech at
Fulton, Missouri, U.S., on
March 5, 1946, said of the
communist states, “From
Stettin in the Baltic to
Trieste in the Adriatic, an
iron curtain has descended
across the Continent.”
After that the phrase iron
curtain gained popularity as a
shorthand reference to the
division of Europe as the Cold
War strengthened.
Winston Churchill at Fulton university
Cause…

25. Iron Curtain
Dividing Europe Dividing Germany
Cause…

26. In 1948 , Soviet Union tried to
limit the ability of France, Great
Britain and the United States over
Berlin and blockade the their
sectors of Berlin, which lay within
Russian-occupied East Germany
THE Battle Has Began
The Berlin Blockade and the airlift (1948-1949)
Cause…

27. In June 1948 British and U.S.
occupation authorities organized
a system of air transport, known
as the Berlin airlift, to supply the
Western-occupied sectors of the
city.
The blockade was the first
major clash of the Cold War.
The Soviets lifted their blockade
in May 12, 1949.
Berlin Airlift
Cause…

29. The Berlin Wall was
constructed in 1961 to
keep East Germans
from fleeing their
Communist state.
For 28 years the wall
symbolized tensions
between the Soviet
bloc and the West
until it was torn down
in 1989.
Berlin Wall (13 August 1961- 1989)
Cause…

30. Became the symbol of cold war

31. THE WORLD is now Divided
1st World 2nd word 3rd world
The USA and the
countries within
Democratic block
The USSR and the
countries within
Socialist block
Non-aligned
countries and the
newly liberated
countries
(eventually these
countries has
become the under
developed and
developing
countries)

32.  US President Harry
Truman
 “America will contain
communism
everywhere.”
 Nikita Khruschcev,
Leader of the Soviet
Party
 “History is on our side.
We will bury you.”
Leaders Used Strong Language

33. Chinese civil war and cold war
•Korean War
•Vietnam War
•Cuban Missile crisis
•Soviet occupation on Afghanistan
•Cold war and the Liberation war of
Bangladesh
The Cold war is heating up
Proxy Wars

34. On October 1, 1949,
the People's Republic,
under Mao Zedong,
was proclaimed in
China. This
Communist triumph
was a great shock to
the United States.
Mao Zedong
Proxy Wars….
Chinese Civil war(1946-1949)

35. After the Second World War,
Korea north of 38th parallel had
been occupied by the Russians,
while south of the 38th parallel by
the Americans. As no agreement
on a common government for the
whole country had been reached,
the Russians established a
communist regime in North
Korea and the Americans a
western-oriented democracy in
South Korea.
Korean War(25 June 1950 – 27
July 1953)
Republic of Korea (South Korea), supported by
the United Nations,
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North
Korea) Supported by Russia
Proxy Wars….

36. Vietnam war (1 November 1955 - 30April 1975 )
After the 2nd world war the Viet
Minh (rebel group of Vietnam,
leaded by Ho chi Minh) were by
receiving help from Communist
China. The country was meant
to be ruled by Bao Dai who was
supported by the west.
Communist victory in 1975 had
profound ramification for the
United States; it was a setback
to the containment of
communism in Asia.
Proxy Wars….

37. In 1958 Fidel Castro won a
revolution, took control of
Cuba, and declared that he
was a communist
The US opened its borders to
many Cubans and started an
embargo against many
communist products.
In April 1961 Kennedy sent
1,500 Cuban exiles to the Bay
of Pigs in Cuba to get them to
incite a coup against Castro.
Proxy Wars….
America Under Threat
Cuban Missile crisis

38. Castro and Khrushchev
Castro leads the rebels
Che Guevara

39. A system was built that could
launch a nuclear weapon into the
US

40. USA needed to keep the missiles
out of Cuba, but if he acted rashly
he could start an all out Nuclear
war……
He decided to order a blockade of
Cuba to keep the missiles from
reaching the area. The Russians
protested, but turned the ships
around
Hotlines where Established
where they could pick up the
phone and call the other directly
before annihilating the other
But diplomacy saved the crisis

41. Afghan-Soviet War(1979-1988)
The Soviet war in Afghanistan was a
war fought between the forces of the
Soviet Union, and Islamic tribes of
Afghanistan who were against the
Communist government set up by the
Soviets. The war began in December
1979, and lasted until February 1989.
Proxy Wars….
The Mujahideens

42. Cold war and the birth of BANGLADESH
Richard Nixon
Henry Kissinger

43. The United States supported Pakistan both
politically and materially. And Russia supported
the freedom fighter along with India.
U.S. Nixon sent the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise
to the Bay of Bengal, a move deemed by the
Indians as a nuclear threat.
On 6 and 13 December, the Soviet Navy
dispatched two groups of ships, armed with
nuclear missiles, ; they trailed U.S. Task Force 74
in the Indian Ocean from 18 December until 7
January 1972.

45. New Alliances and Agencies
•NATO vs Warsaw pact
•CIA vs KGB
•SEATO
•Non Alien movement(NAM)
•OPEC

46. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
 By 1949 the Cold War
between the United States
and the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics
(USSR) was underway.
 To contain the USSR and
Communism, the United
States and 11 other
nations entered into a
mutual security agreement
named NATO on April 4,

47. The Soviet Union and
seven of its European
satellites sign a treaty
establishing the Warsaw
Pact, a mutual defense
organization that put the
Soviets in command of the
armed forces of the
member states.
The Warsaw Pact
remained intact until 1991
Warsaw Pact (1955-1991)

48. Non Alien movement(NAM)
The Non-Aligned Movement is a
Movement of 115 members
representing the interests and
priorities of developing countries.
The Movement has its origin in the
Asia-Africa Conference held in
Bandung, Indonesia in 1955.

49. Cold War : An Atomic Intelligence Game
CIA-USA KGB-USSR
KGB, an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti, was the
main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its collapse in
1991

50. THE WAR OF
THE
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION:
NEW
TECHNOLOGY

51. The Arm Race
The Arms Race became the
focus of the Cold War.
After Nuclear bomb America
tested the first Hydrogen (or
thermo-nuclear) bomb in
1952, beating the Russians
in the creation of the "Super
Bomb".

52. The USA was the first introducer in 0n July
16, 1945.
The USSR tested its nuclear weapons in
September 23, 1949 at first.
Great Britain possessed it on October 3
,1952.
France on 13th February,1960.
China on 16th October,1964.
Nuclear Weapons

53. Nuclear Bomb- The Symbol of Power

54. Arm Race between two powers

56. The space Race
The Cold War rivalry
between the two nations
focused on attaining firsts
in space exploration, which
were seen as necessary for
national security and
symbolic of technological
and ideological superiority. The Space Race involved
pioneering efforts to
launch artificial satellites,
sub-orbital and orbital
human spaceflight
around the Earth, and
piloted voyages to the
Moon.

57. Space Race
Began
In October, 1957, the Soviet
Union launched the first
satellite named Sputnik —
to be hurled into orbit
around the Earth.
What U.S. political leaders
thought that if the Soviet
Union had rockets powerful
enough to launch a satellite,
they might had rockets
powerful enough to
launch atomic bombs on
the U.S. Sputnik 1

58. Yuri Gagarin
In 1961 a
Russian An air
force pilot and
cosmonaut, Yuri
Alekseyevich
Gagarin became
the first human in
space on the
historic flight of
Vostok 1.
Man on Space-USSR

59. In 1962 the US put
their first man in
Space, John Glenn.
By 1967 they were
ready to launch the first
manned mission of the
U.S. Apollo manned
lunar landing program,
Apollo 1.
John Glenn
But
Unfortunately,
Tragedy Struck
Man on Space-USA

60. America Surprised the World
In 1969 America
gave the biggest
surprise by
successful landing of
Apollo 11 on the
moon.
The Apollo 11 crew from left to right:
Neil Armstrong, Commander; Michael
Collins, command module pilot; and ,
Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot.

61. An American flag
was left on the
moon's surface as a
reminder of the
accomplishment.
On July 20, 1969, Commander Neil Armstrong
became the first man on the moon. He said the
historic words, "That's one small step for a man,
one giant leap for mankind."

62. Race is Over
By landing on the moon, the United States
effectively "won" the space race that had begun
with Sputnik's launch in 1957.
the Soviets made four failed attempts to launch
a lunar landing craft between 1969 and 1972,
including a launch-pad explosion in July 1969

63. Russia is Declining
Russia started to spend more on space
an arm race, which their socialist
economic system could not handle any
more so the economic growth rate
dropped ,They had to purchase food
from the US.
Beginning of the end

64. Mikhail Gorbachev Ronald Reagan
Time to reform

65. Cold War is Cooling Down
 Gorbachev & Reagan renew
détente
 Arms reduction
 USSR collapsed

66. End of Cold War
 The United States under President Ronald
Reagan increased diplomatic, military, and
economic pressure on the Soviet Union, which
was already suffering from severe economic
stagnation.
 Gorbachev’s internal reforms had meanwhile
weakened his own Communist Party and
allowed power to shift to Russia and the other
constituent republics of the Soviet Union.

67. U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail
Gorbachev signing the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty at the
White House in 1987.
It was to eliminate their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles.

68. On December 8, 1987, the Intermediate Nuclear
Forces (INF) Treaty was signed
On November 10, 1989, one of the most famous
symbols of the Cold War came down: the Berlin
Wall.
By mid-1990, many of the Soviet republics had
declared their independence.
In late 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed and 15
newly independent nations
On December 8, 1991, the Soviet Union ceased to
exist.

69. AND The
War IT’s
OVER!