omer ghaffar nigde university protein synthesise presentation

1. PROTEIN
SYNTHESIS
OMER GHAFFAR FROM PAKISTAN
180103801
NIGDE OMER HALISDEMIR UNIVERSITY TURKEY
ANIMAL PRODUCTIONS AND TECHNOLOGY
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2. CONTENT
 PROTEIN
 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
 DNA
 RNA AND ITS TYPES
 TRANSCRIEPTION
 TRANSLATION
 ELONGATION
 RIBOSOME
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3. INTRODUCTION
DEFINATION OF PROTEIN
Any class of nitrogenous organic compounds which have large molecules
composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all
living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle,
hair, etc. and as enzymes and antibodies.
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4. What Are Proteins?
 Large molecules
 Made up of chains of amino acids
 Are found in every cell in the body
 Are involved in most of the body’s functions and life processes
 The sequence of amino acids is determined by DNA
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5. Structure of Proteins
 Made up of chains of amino acids; classified by number of amino acids
in a chain
 Peptides: fewer than 50 amino acids
 Dipeptides: 2 amino acids
 Tripeptides: 3 amino acids
 Polypeptides: more than 10 amino acids
 Proteins: more than 50 amino acids
 Typically 100 to 10,000 amino acids linked together
 Chains are synthesizes based on specific bodily DNA
 Amino acids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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6. Functions of Proteins
 Protein means “of first importance”
 Proteins play a crucial role in biological processes
 Proteins are polymers of amino acids
 Hundreds are formed both naturally and synthetically
 Only 20 are common in nature
 Proteins have many important biological functions
 Enzymes – biological catalysts
 Antibodies – defense proteins
 Transport proteins
 Regulatory and repairment proteins
 Structural proteins
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7. PROTEIN SYNYHESIS
DEFINITION
Protein synthesis is the process whereby biological cells generate new
proteins.
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8. DNA
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid ) is an example of nucleic acid, it is the heredity material , it controls
properties and potential activities of a cell.
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9. RNA
(Ribonucleic acid) this is a polymer of the RNA , they occur as single strand
which may be folded back.
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10. Types of RNA
Messenger RNA :This takes the genetic message from the nucleus to the ribosome in the
cytoplasm to form particular proteins
Transfer RNA :
it compromises about 10-20 % of the cellular RNA , it transfers amino acid molecules to
sides where peptide chains are being synthesized.
Ribosomal RNA :
this is the major portion of RNA in a cell , it acts as a machinery for the synthesis of
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11. TRANSCRIEPTION
TRANSCRIEPTION is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is
copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
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12. Translationis a step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried
by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
chain. The process follows transcription in which the DNA sequence is copied (or
transcribed) into an mRNA.
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13. RIBOSOME;
When a cell needs to make proteins, it looks for ribosomes. Ribosomes are the protein
builders or the protein synthesizers of the cell. They are like construction guys who
one amino acid at a time and build long chains. Ribosomes are special because they are
found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
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14. IMPORTANCE OF PROTEIN;
 Protein is an important component of every cell in the body. Hair and nails
are mostly made of protein. Your body uses protein to build and repair
tissues. You also use protein to make enzymes, hormones, and other body
chemicals. Protein is an important building block of bones, muscles,
cartilage, skin, and blood.
 Along with fat and carbohydrates, protein is a "macronutrient," meaning
that the body needs relatively large amounts of it. Vitamins and minerals,
which are needed in only small quantities, are called "micronutrients." But
unlike fat and carbohydrates, the body does not store protein, and
therefore has no reservoir to draw on when it needs a new supply.
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16. Proteins and Amino
Acids
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19. THANKS FOR THE
ATTENTION
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