Tectonic Interpretation of Seismic Refraction Profiles 2

1. Introduction to Geophysics Ali Oncel [email_address] Department of Earth Sciences KFUPM Tectonic Interpretation of Seismic Refraction Profiles Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM

6. Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Plate Boundaries Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM

7. Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM A. Jon Kimerling Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Raised Relief Map of North America and Adjacent Oceans

8. Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Due to shallow hot mantle Due to cold lithospheric plate Map of P-wave Velocity (km/s)

9. Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Active Continental Rifts Advanced Rifting (Lower Elevations) Early Rifting (Higher Elevations) Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM National Park Lands

10. Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Map of P-wave Velocity (km/s)

11. Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Crustal thinning due to Continental rifting Remember that Red Sea is a good example for Continental Rifting. Map of Crustal Thickness (km)

12. Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Crustal Thinning at Continental Rifts Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM As the lithosphere rips apart, the underlying asthenosphere becomes shallow while the crust still fairly thick. The buoyancy of the shallow asthenosphere and thick crust results in high overall elevation of the Basin.

13. Crustal Thinning at Continental Rifts Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming Great Basin National Park, Nevada Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM

14. Crustal Thinning at Continental Rifts Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM As the continental crust thins, it is less buoyant. Elevations are lower through the region.

15. Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Sagauro National Park, Arizona Death Valley National Park, California Crustal Thinning at Continental Rifts Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM

16. Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Crustal Thinning at Continental Rifts Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM

17. Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Salton Sea Gulf of California Crustal Thinning at Continental Rifts Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM

18. Continental Rifting eventually open an Ocean Basin Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Red Sea is a good example for Continental Rifting (see pp. 50, Lillie 2005).

19. Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Continental Rifting eventually open an Ocean Basin Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM

20. Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Continental Rifting eventually open an Ocean Basin Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM

21. Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie East Pacific Rise Mid-Atlantic Ridge A Continental Rift can be Viewed as the On-land Continuation of a Mid-Ocean Ridge Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM

22. Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Basin and Range Province East Pacific Rise Mid-Atlantic Ridge Gulf of California A Continental Rift can be Viewed as the On-land Continuation of a Mid-Ocean Ridge Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM

23. Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Active Continental Rifts Death Valley Salton Sea Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM National Park Lands

24. Moho DEPTH relate to tectonic history? Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Fig.4.17 of Lillie

25. Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Fig 4.18 of Lillie

26. Formation of Oceanic Crust Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie

27. DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY DEVELOPMENT Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie

28. Ocean/Continent Subduction Zone Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie

29. Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Fig 4.19 of Lillie

30. Continental Rifting eventually open an Ocean Basin Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM

31. CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Subduction Zone Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Accretionary Wedge Volcanic Arc

32. CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Continental Collision Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie

33. Problems 4-3, 4-5, 4-6, 4-7 Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Homework due to April 15