TYPO3 Communications Workshop: Communities
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An introduction to communities, looking at why we form communities, and the variety of community.
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TYPO3 Communications Workshop: Communities
- 2. What is a Community? "A collection of people or animals who interact in the same What they are doing environment" The people What's motivating them Bacon, J. - Art of Community
- 3. Motivation – Why form Communities? A Sense of Belonging Bacon
- 4. Social Capital "good-will, fellowship, get oncesympathy and social What benefits do we mutual social capital is intercourse among a group of individuals" accrued? ● Sharing ideas and experience ● Self improvement L.J. - The Rural School Community Centre Hanifan, ● Complementing our own skills with the skills of others ● Collaborating on a shared goal
- 5. Levels of Commitment Different motivations will allow people different levels of commitment to a project • Casual User • Power User • Developer • Leader
- 6. Varieties of Community Communities of Interest Communities of Practice Communities of Circumstance
- 7. Communities of Interest "A gathering of people assembled around a topic of common interest" Henri, F. and Pudelko, P. - Understanding and analysing activity and learning in virtual communities
- 8. Communities of Interest • • • • Exchange information Obtain answers to personal questions Improve their understanding Share common passions
- 9. Communities of Practice Practice "Communities of practice are groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly." Practice, a brief introduction Domain Wenger, E. - Communities ofCommunity Wenger
- 10. Communities of Circumstance Defined by the shared experience or situation of its members Community of Place – a special case the the circumstance is geographic location, e.g. a neighbourhood. Community of Position – a special case where the circumstance refers to position in wider society
- 11. Activity Look at and discuss the following online communities. Are they communities of Interest, Practice or Circumstance? StackOverflow Twitter Macmillan Cancer Support Xbox Live MumsNet Reddit
- 12. Communities A successful Community of Interest may form subgroups • Goal-Oriented Communities of Interest – Aka Communities of Action/Purpose • Communities of Practice • Communities of Circumstance Henri & Pudelko
- 13. Diversity • “Surface-Level” – Race, Gender, Age • “Deep-Level” - Skills and personalities Graen, George B. - Dealing with Diversity • Important not to exclude based on surface level • Important to encourage deep-level diversity
- 14. Activity Discuss in your group: • What type of community is The TYPO3 Association? • What other communities exist within it, and what types are they? • Do any of these communities lack deep-level diversity?
- 15. Case Study – Moodle Moodle is a community of teachers, students developers, designers and testers with a shared interest in using and improving e-learning. It is a Community of Interest.
- 16. Case Study – Moodle Within Moodle's Community of Interest, there are other communities: Local Support Groups (CoC) General Support Forum (CoI) Development Teams (GOCoI) Other Language Forums (CoC) General Developer Forum (CoP) Teaching with Moodle Forum (CoP) MoodleMoot Organisers (GOCoI)
- 17. Summary We form communities to build social capital which allows us to achieve our goals collectively Members of a community will have different motivations, and different levels of commitment There are different types of community – a FOSS project should be a Community of Interest, not of Practice Encouraging deep-level diversity will provide the community with varied personalities and skills
- 18. Questions? Discussion? References: Bacon, Jono. (2009). Art of Community O'Reilly Hanifan, L. J. (1916). "The Rural School Community Center". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (67): 130–138. Henri, F. & Pudelko, B. (2003). "Understanding and analysing activity and learning in virtual communities" Journal of Computer Assisted Learning (19): 474-487 Wenger, E. (2006). "Communities of Practice – A brief introduction" http://www.ewenger.com/theory/index.htm Graen, G. B. (2003) Dealing with Diversity IAP
Notas del editor
- ## What's a community? * "It depends" * A broad definition is "A collection of people or animals who interact in the same environment" *Bacon, J. - Art of Community* * For a more specific definition we need to look at the skills and motivation of the community's members
- * We're sociable animals, we like the sense of belonging to a group
- * Building Social Capital - "good-will, fellowship, mutual sympathy and social intercourse among a group of individuals" *Hanifan, L.J. - The Rural School Community Centre* * As a business builds capital for it's shareholders (money), so a community builds social capital for its members. * As social capital accures, it provides benefits for its members - once you get to know the members of your community and work with them, you can solve common problems together. * What benefits do we get once social capital is accrued? * Sharing ideas and experience * Self improvement * Complementing our own skills with the skills of others * Collaborating on a shared goal
- Some examples of the roles in an OSS community: Casual user – Wants to use the software, seeks support, seeks social interaction Power user – As above, but also willing to help others, build reputation Developer – Wants to add to the software, build reputation and experience Leader – Wants to be in charge, build reputation and experience, sense of power?
- ## Varieties of community 3 varieties Lots of other terms have been coined, but most are just special cases of these 3 as we'll see
- * Community of Interest * "A gathering of people assembled around a topic of common interest" Henri, F. and Pudelko, P. - Understanding and analysing activity and learning in virtual communities
- * Exchange information * Obtain answers to personal questions * Improve their understanding * Share common passions * Individuals in a CoI aren't working together to achieve a goal, but are using their associations (gained through building social capital) to achieve their own goals * Examples: * Discussion groups * Fan clubs * Book clubs
- "Communities of practice are groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly." - Wenger, E. - Communities of Practice, a brief introduction * Simply having a practice in common doesn't constitute a community, the members must form relationships (building social capital) and then learn from one another. * A CoP can be identified by the Domain, the Community and the Pratice * Domain – the area in which the expertise lies – Survival, project management, IT administration * Community – The people and the activities they undertake to build social capital * Practice – Shared experience, tools, techniques. The body of shared knowledge that is built through the community's interactions * Examples * Professional bodies * User Groups * Online gamers * Sports teams * Bands * A classroom?
- * Community of Circumstance * Defined by a shared situation brought about by external factors * "Community of Place" - a CoC where the situation is geographical location * Examples: * LOST * Families * Neighbourhood * School tutor group
- Sub-communities of different types may form, including CoP or GOCoI (project teams), CoC * GOCoI Henri & Pudelko * AKA "Community of Purpose" or "Community of Action" * A "project team" formed within a CoI to perform a task or a achieve a goal * e.g. A party organising committee * Communities of Circumstance may form for groups sharing a circumstance within the wider community * e.g. FLOSSIE – Women within the Free & Open Source Software community
- * Different people have different things to offer * "Surface-level Diversity" - Race, gender, age, etc. *Graen, George B. - Dealing with Diversity* * "Deep-level diversity" Skills and personalities - you dont want a community of highly skilled people who wont talk to each other * Motivations * This is an important consideration when looking at the other topics we'll be discussing
- General Support Forum – CoI – People in various roles seeking and providing help Other Language Forums – CoC – People discussing Moodle in another language – their shared circumstance is their langauge Teaching with Moodle Forum – CoP – A group of teachers working together to improve their teaching practice Local Support Groups – CoP – A sub-group of the community seeking support, defined by their geographical location Development Teams – GOCoI - Groups of users, developers, designers, testers and managers working to fix and improve Moodle itself General Developer Forum – CoP – Developers helping each other get better at developing for Moodle MoodleMoot Organisers – GOCoI – Members of the community working together to organise conferences