SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 13
Delivered by the PAIE program 
Toronto Region Conservation Authority
Workplace diversity is a people issue, focused 
on the differences and similarities that people 
bring to an organization.
 Statistics Canada predicts that by 2031, 80% of 
Canada’s population growth will come from 
immigration 
 In Toronto, over 20% of the workforce is made up 
of immigrants 
 More immigrants, women and gay/transgender 
individual are entering the workforce 
 Population change expects that this will become 
the majority by 2042
 Both customers and workers represent an 
even more diverse mix 
 Organizations are increasingly tapping into 
international markets requiring workers with 
cross-cultural competencies and fluency in 
more than one language
 Access to different talents working towards a 
common goal 
 Tapping into a different set of skills increases 
retention and productivity
 More solutions arise when different and 
diverse minds come together
 Businesses can effectively market to 
consumers from different racial and ethnic 
backgrounds
 Businesses that fail to foster inclusive 
workplaces see higher turnover rates 
 Having a diverse and discrimination-free 
work environment helps businesses avoid 
these costs
 For existing workers: 
◦ Lead by example – show an interest in other cultures and a respect for 
differences. 
◦ Offer diversity training – even a short one or two-hour workshop can help 
open your eyes and replace apprehension and fear with curiosity and 
respect 
◦ Seek the help and input of employee groups, rather than mandate changes 
from the top 
◦ Celebrate diversity – for example, recognize and accommodate cultural 
and religious differences 
◦ Appoint a staff member as the Diversity Coordinator or create a Diversity 
Committee within the workplace that meets regularly to discuss issues 
relating to creating an inclusive workplace that meets the needs of a 
diverse workforce.
 For newcomers: 
◦ Mentoring: Pair a newcomer with a willing and capable 
employee who can answer questions, show them around 
and introduce them to other workers. 
◦ Ensure that planning of events and schedules is done 
with recognition of important holidays for people of 
different ethnic backgrounds and religions. 
◦ Meet with newcomers to discuss their experiences and 
find out whether they have run into any difficulties
How can your workplace culture benefit from 
more diversity and inclusivity?
For more information on scheduling Lunch & Learns through 
the PAIE program, contact one of our program coordinators

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Managing diversity in the workplace
Managing diversity in the workplaceManaging diversity in the workplace
Managing diversity in the workplace
Rishav Mahajan
 
Cultural Diversity in the Workplace by The Cultural Diversity Committee
Cultural Diversity in the Workplace by The Cultural Diversity CommitteeCultural Diversity in the Workplace by The Cultural Diversity Committee
Cultural Diversity in the Workplace by The Cultural Diversity Committee
Atlantic Training, LLC.
 
Diversity Management!
Diversity Management!Diversity Management!
Diversity Management!
Joe Ndungu
 
Promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace: hhs presentation
Promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace: hhs presentationPromoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace: hhs presentation
Promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace: hhs presentation
Reggie Clark
 
Diversity management at Work Place
Diversity management at Work PlaceDiversity management at Work Place
Diversity management at Work Place
Harshad Jain
 
Importance of diversity in
Importance of diversity inImportance of diversity in
Importance of diversity in
Kgrieve
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

Managing diversity in the workplace
Managing diversity in the workplaceManaging diversity in the workplace
Managing diversity in the workplace
 
Diversity at workplace
Diversity at workplaceDiversity at workplace
Diversity at workplace
 
Diversity Management .pptx
Diversity Management .pptxDiversity Management .pptx
Diversity Management .pptx
 
Workforce diversity
Workforce diversityWorkforce diversity
Workforce diversity
 
Cultural Diversity in the Workplace by The Cultural Diversity Committee
Cultural Diversity in the Workplace by The Cultural Diversity CommitteeCultural Diversity in the Workplace by The Cultural Diversity Committee
Cultural Diversity in the Workplace by The Cultural Diversity Committee
 
Diversity Management!
Diversity Management!Diversity Management!
Diversity Management!
 
Workplace diversity
Workplace diversityWorkplace diversity
Workplace diversity
 
Diversity Awareness in the Workplace
Diversity Awareness in the WorkplaceDiversity Awareness in the Workplace
Diversity Awareness in the Workplace
 
Diversity & inclusion at workplace
Diversity & inclusion at workplaceDiversity & inclusion at workplace
Diversity & inclusion at workplace
 
Diversity
DiversityDiversity
Diversity
 
Diversity and Inclusion
Diversity and InclusionDiversity and Inclusion
Diversity and Inclusion
 
Promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace: hhs presentation
Promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace: hhs presentationPromoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace: hhs presentation
Promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace: hhs presentation
 
Dei slides
Dei slidesDei slides
Dei slides
 
Diversity at workplace
Diversity at workplaceDiversity at workplace
Diversity at workplace
 
Cultural Diversity
Cultural DiversityCultural Diversity
Cultural Diversity
 
workforce diversity
workforce diversityworkforce diversity
workforce diversity
 
Diversity management at Work Place
Diversity management at Work PlaceDiversity management at Work Place
Diversity management at Work Place
 
Importance of diversity in
Importance of diversity inImportance of diversity in
Importance of diversity in
 
The new look of workforce diversity final version
The new look of workforce diversity final versionThe new look of workforce diversity final version
The new look of workforce diversity final version
 
Diversity Management The Challenges And Opportunities
Diversity Management   The Challenges And OpportunitiesDiversity Management   The Challenges And Opportunities
Diversity Management The Challenges And Opportunities
 

Destacado

Diversity in the workplace
Diversity in the workplaceDiversity in the workplace
Diversity in the workplace
aet0719
 
Managing Diversity at Workplace
Managing Diversity at WorkplaceManaging Diversity at Workplace
Managing Diversity at Workplace
Pushpak Elleedu
 
Diversity in the Workplace - MBA 423 Human Resource Management
Diversity in the Workplace - MBA 423 Human Resource ManagementDiversity in the Workplace - MBA 423 Human Resource Management
Diversity in the Workplace - MBA 423 Human Resource Management
Stuart Gow
 
Module 4 Individual Differences
Module 4  Individual DifferencesModule 4  Individual Differences
Module 4 Individual Differences
Marianne Ivy Capiz
 

Destacado (18)

Benefits of Diversity (Workforce Diversity)
Benefits of Diversity (Workforce Diversity)Benefits of Diversity (Workforce Diversity)
Benefits of Diversity (Workforce Diversity)
 
Diversity in the workplace
Diversity in the workplaceDiversity in the workplace
Diversity in the workplace
 
Managing Diversity at Workplace
Managing Diversity at WorkplaceManaging Diversity at Workplace
Managing Diversity at Workplace
 
Benefits of diversity
Benefits of diversityBenefits of diversity
Benefits of diversity
 
Diversity Dimension
Diversity DimensionDiversity Dimension
Diversity Dimension
 
A quick Introduction to Employee Engagement Analytics Suite – EmPOWER
A quick Introduction to Employee Engagement Analytics Suite – EmPOWERA quick Introduction to Employee Engagement Analytics Suite – EmPOWER
A quick Introduction to Employee Engagement Analytics Suite – EmPOWER
 
MFB_A1_POSTER_ART
MFB_A1_POSTER_ARTMFB_A1_POSTER_ART
MFB_A1_POSTER_ART
 
Workplace diversity: benefits and challenges
Workplace diversity: benefits and challengesWorkplace diversity: benefits and challenges
Workplace diversity: benefits and challenges
 
Diversity in the Workplace - MBA 423 Human Resource Management
Diversity in the Workplace - MBA 423 Human Resource ManagementDiversity in the Workplace - MBA 423 Human Resource Management
Diversity in the Workplace - MBA 423 Human Resource Management
 
Individual differences
Individual differencesIndividual differences
Individual differences
 
Diversity And Inclusion
Diversity And InclusionDiversity And Inclusion
Diversity And Inclusion
 
Diversity of learners
Diversity of learnersDiversity of learners
Diversity of learners
 
Module 4 Individual Differences
Module 4  Individual DifferencesModule 4  Individual Differences
Module 4 Individual Differences
 
Facilitating Learning Module 4
Facilitating Learning Module 4Facilitating Learning Module 4
Facilitating Learning Module 4
 
Diversity Powerpoint
Diversity PowerpointDiversity Powerpoint
Diversity Powerpoint
 
Individual differences
Individual differencesIndividual differences
Individual differences
 
Workforce diversity
Workforce diversityWorkforce diversity
Workforce diversity
 
DIVERSITY POWERPOINT
DIVERSITY POWERPOINTDIVERSITY POWERPOINT
DIVERSITY POWERPOINT
 

Similar a Benefits of diversity in the workplace

Diversity And Inclusion Analysis
Diversity And Inclusion AnalysisDiversity And Inclusion Analysis
Diversity And Inclusion Analysis
Angie Lee
 
Diversity and Inclusion WPS PowerPoint Template (1).pptx
Diversity and Inclusion WPS PowerPoint Template (1).pptxDiversity and Inclusion WPS PowerPoint Template (1).pptx
Diversity and Inclusion WPS PowerPoint Template (1).pptx
ShielaDagapioso1
 
Unit 12 assign 2 iep protocol-guide-employers-of-indigenous
 Unit 12 assign 2 iep protocol-guide-employers-of-indigenous Unit 12 assign 2 iep protocol-guide-employers-of-indigenous
Unit 12 assign 2 iep protocol-guide-employers-of-indigenous
Bluecare
 
Moving Beyond Mobility
Moving Beyond MobilityMoving Beyond Mobility
Moving Beyond Mobility
Lisa Ploeg
 

Similar a Benefits of diversity in the workplace (20)

pptx.pptxpptx.pptxpptx.pptxpptx.pptx.pptx
pptx.pptxpptx.pptxpptx.pptxpptx.pptx.pptxpptx.pptxpptx.pptxpptx.pptxpptx.pptx.pptx
pptx.pptxpptx.pptxpptx.pptxpptx.pptx.pptx
 
HRM PPT.pptx
HRM PPT.pptxHRM PPT.pptx
HRM PPT.pptx
 
how to describe the workplace diversity?
how to describe the workplace diversity?how to describe the workplace diversity?
how to describe the workplace diversity?
 
Cultural Diversity At Percepta
Cultural Diversity At PerceptaCultural Diversity At Percepta
Cultural Diversity At Percepta
 
Diversity and Inclusion
Diversity and InclusionDiversity and Inclusion
Diversity and Inclusion
 
Introduction to Multicultural Diversity in the Workplace
Introduction to Multicultural Diversity in the WorkplaceIntroduction to Multicultural Diversity in the Workplace
Introduction to Multicultural Diversity in the Workplace
 
Diversity And Its Impact In An Organization
Diversity And Its Impact In An Organization   Diversity And Its Impact In An Organization
Diversity And Its Impact In An Organization
 
diversity_SMW.11.20.14
diversity_SMW.11.20.14diversity_SMW.11.20.14
diversity_SMW.11.20.14
 
Dalal Smiley
Dalal SmileyDalal Smiley
Dalal Smiley
 
B03359.docx
B03359.docxB03359.docx
B03359.docx
 
Communicating the Case for Diversity and Inclusion
Communicating the Case for Diversity and Inclusion Communicating the Case for Diversity and Inclusion
Communicating the Case for Diversity and Inclusion
 
Diversity And Inclusion Analysis
Diversity And Inclusion AnalysisDiversity And Inclusion Analysis
Diversity And Inclusion Analysis
 
Diversity and Inclusion WPS PowerPoint Template (1).pptx
Diversity and Inclusion WPS PowerPoint Template (1).pptxDiversity and Inclusion WPS PowerPoint Template (1).pptx
Diversity and Inclusion WPS PowerPoint Template (1).pptx
 
Diversity and Inclusion - By Dr. Christine Mc Carthy | TEC Leadership Institute
Diversity and Inclusion - By Dr. Christine Mc Carthy | TEC Leadership InstituteDiversity and Inclusion - By Dr. Christine Mc Carthy | TEC Leadership Institute
Diversity and Inclusion - By Dr. Christine Mc Carthy | TEC Leadership Institute
 
Managing diversity and cross cultural issues
Managing diversity and  cross cultural issuesManaging diversity and  cross cultural issues
Managing diversity and cross cultural issues
 
Unit 12 assign 2 iep protocol-guide-employers-of-indigenous
 Unit 12 assign 2 iep protocol-guide-employers-of-indigenous Unit 12 assign 2 iep protocol-guide-employers-of-indigenous
Unit 12 assign 2 iep protocol-guide-employers-of-indigenous
 
Moving Beyond Mobility
Moving Beyond MobilityMoving Beyond Mobility
Moving Beyond Mobility
 
Week 15 and 16 - Multicultiral Diversity (Chapter 10).pptx
Week 15 and 16 - Multicultiral Diversity (Chapter 10).pptxWeek 15 and 16 - Multicultiral Diversity (Chapter 10).pptx
Week 15 and 16 - Multicultiral Diversity (Chapter 10).pptx
 
Build Inclusive and Diverse Workplaces in 2023 | The Enterprise World
Build Inclusive and Diverse Workplaces in 2023 | The Enterprise WorldBuild Inclusive and Diverse Workplaces in 2023 | The Enterprise World
Build Inclusive and Diverse Workplaces in 2023 | The Enterprise World
 
Diversity Awareness by Ibec
Diversity Awareness by IbecDiversity Awareness by Ibec
Diversity Awareness by Ibec
 

Último

Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
ciinovamais
 
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdfMaking and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Chris Hunter
 
An Overview of Mutual Funds Bcom Project.pdf
An Overview of Mutual Funds Bcom Project.pdfAn Overview of Mutual Funds Bcom Project.pdf
An Overview of Mutual Funds Bcom Project.pdf
SanaAli374401
 
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in DelhiRussian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
kauryashika82
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
QucHHunhnh
 
Gardella_Mateo_IntellectualProperty.pdf.
Gardella_Mateo_IntellectualProperty.pdf.Gardella_Mateo_IntellectualProperty.pdf.
Gardella_Mateo_IntellectualProperty.pdf.
MateoGardella
 
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch LetterGardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
MateoGardella
 

Último (20)

Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfWeb & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
 
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeMeasures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
 
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdfMaking and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
 
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityParis 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
 
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptApplication orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
 
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SDMeasures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
 
An Overview of Mutual Funds Bcom Project.pdf
An Overview of Mutual Funds Bcom Project.pdfAn Overview of Mutual Funds Bcom Project.pdf
An Overview of Mutual Funds Bcom Project.pdf
 
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in DelhiRussian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
 
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
 
Gardella_Mateo_IntellectualProperty.pdf.
Gardella_Mateo_IntellectualProperty.pdf.Gardella_Mateo_IntellectualProperty.pdf.
Gardella_Mateo_IntellectualProperty.pdf.
 
SECOND SEMESTER TOPIC COVERAGE SY 2023-2024 Trends, Networks, and Critical Th...
SECOND SEMESTER TOPIC COVERAGE SY 2023-2024 Trends, Networks, and Critical Th...SECOND SEMESTER TOPIC COVERAGE SY 2023-2024 Trends, Networks, and Critical Th...
SECOND SEMESTER TOPIC COVERAGE SY 2023-2024 Trends, Networks, and Critical Th...
 
PROCESS RECORDING FORMAT.docx
PROCESS      RECORDING        FORMAT.docxPROCESS      RECORDING        FORMAT.docx
PROCESS RECORDING FORMAT.docx
 
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch LetterGardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
Gardella_PRCampaignConclusion Pitch Letter
 
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
 
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionmicrowave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
 
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"
 

Benefits of diversity in the workplace

  • 1. Delivered by the PAIE program Toronto Region Conservation Authority
  • 2.
  • 3. Workplace diversity is a people issue, focused on the differences and similarities that people bring to an organization.
  • 4.  Statistics Canada predicts that by 2031, 80% of Canada’s population growth will come from immigration  In Toronto, over 20% of the workforce is made up of immigrants  More immigrants, women and gay/transgender individual are entering the workforce  Population change expects that this will become the majority by 2042
  • 5.  Both customers and workers represent an even more diverse mix  Organizations are increasingly tapping into international markets requiring workers with cross-cultural competencies and fluency in more than one language
  • 6.  Access to different talents working towards a common goal  Tapping into a different set of skills increases retention and productivity
  • 7.  More solutions arise when different and diverse minds come together
  • 8.  Businesses can effectively market to consumers from different racial and ethnic backgrounds
  • 9.  Businesses that fail to foster inclusive workplaces see higher turnover rates  Having a diverse and discrimination-free work environment helps businesses avoid these costs
  • 10.  For existing workers: ◦ Lead by example – show an interest in other cultures and a respect for differences. ◦ Offer diversity training – even a short one or two-hour workshop can help open your eyes and replace apprehension and fear with curiosity and respect ◦ Seek the help and input of employee groups, rather than mandate changes from the top ◦ Celebrate diversity – for example, recognize and accommodate cultural and religious differences ◦ Appoint a staff member as the Diversity Coordinator or create a Diversity Committee within the workplace that meets regularly to discuss issues relating to creating an inclusive workplace that meets the needs of a diverse workforce.
  • 11.  For newcomers: ◦ Mentoring: Pair a newcomer with a willing and capable employee who can answer questions, show them around and introduce them to other workers. ◦ Ensure that planning of events and schedules is done with recognition of important holidays for people of different ethnic backgrounds and religions. ◦ Meet with newcomers to discuss their experiences and find out whether they have run into any difficulties
  • 12. How can your workplace culture benefit from more diversity and inclusivity?
  • 13. For more information on scheduling Lunch & Learns through the PAIE program, contact one of our program coordinators

Notas del editor

  1. Ask the audience this question and leave room to generate some discussion.
  2. With the recent information provided by Statistics Canada, there is going to be continued upsurge of immigrants entering the workforce in Canada. At the current rate of entry and over the long-term, it is projected that an even more significant portion of the workplace demographic will be comprised of newcomers to Canada. Toronto alone is a prime example of this continued trend as well over twenty percent of the workforce is made up on internationally trained professionals. All of which are from different countries comprised of different languages, backgrounds and cultural interpretations on what consists appropriate communication. Aside from the rising trend of immigrants entering the workforce, organizations becoming more diverse is important because of the continued rise of women moving into senior-level, executive and leading/entrpreneurial roles along with the fast movement of professionals that identify as gay/transgender that are entering and accessing more senior-level roles in the workplace. By 2042, it is estimated that this will be the major driving force of the labour market throughout Canada.
  3. As an employer, becoming a more diverse is crucial from a global perspective. With the advent of technology and wireless communication, the world is truly becoming a global community. Organizations are now able to tap into international markets and conduct business across the world with relative ease. Communication with professionals in another country with a different standard for intercultural communications and tapping into foreign markets with different interpretations of business etiquette and cultural norms can be a challenge for workplaces that do not foster a diverse and inclusive environment.
  4. By fostering a more diverse workplace and being inclusive to individuals from different cultural backgrounds, organizations will benefit from tapping into the a diverse talent pool that will drive a common goal. Organizations with a focus on diversity in the workplace have engaged employees who deliver improved business performance. Research has repeatedly demonstrated the links between the way people are managed with the attitude of employees and business performance – by incorporating a diversity focused approach in managing a team, it will not only improve employee performance, but also positively impact a company’s bottom line and result in increased employee retention, loyalty, reduced absenteeism and foster a team-oriented approach in the workplace.
  5. Research focused on problem-solving within a diversity framework shows that the more diverse a team, the more varied perspectives on what characterizes problem-solving. A team will benefit from a multitude of perspectives on identifying different agents of identifying a problem. Diversity within a team builds a richer amplitude of knowledge which allows access to a wider spectrum or problem and solution representations. The richer the amount of knowledge, the more effective the communication resulting in a stronger likelihood of providing a solution that integrates the various diverse beliefs and perspectives of the team – leading to a creative and innovative solution. Conversely, poorer diverse representations lead to worse performance when knowledge variety is limited.