the objective of competency-based education is to prepare individuals for the challenges of the future; empower students with knowledge and skills in various fields of study in a flexible educational program tailored to each student

1. COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATION
(CBE)&
OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION(OBE)
Submitted to: submitted by:
Dr. Ms. Pallavi Pathania Minakshi Rana
Assistant Professor M.Sc. Nursing 1st year
Shimla Nursing College Shimla Nursing College
Annandale Annandale

2. INDEX:
SR.NO. CONTENT
1)
2)
3)
COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATION
OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION
INFORMATION EDUCATION AND
COMMUNICATION IN HEALTH

4. INTRODUCTION:
Competency-based education is an approach
to teaching and learning more often used in
learning concrete skills than abstract
learning.

5. COMPETENCIES:
Large skill sets are broken down into
competencies, which may have sequential
level of mastery. Competencies reinforce one
another from basic to advance as learning
process.

6. COMPETENCIES: cont..
Competencies with in different contexts
may require different bundles of skills,
knowledge and attitudes. In essence CBE is
a process, not a product.

7. DEFINITION:
 “competency based education focuses on outcome
of learning. CBE addresses what the learners are
expected to do rather than on what they expected to
learn about.”
“Richards and Rodgers”

8. Contd..
“ competency- based education programs are
an alternative way for learners to gain the
skills employers want from employees.”

9. Contd..
Competency based education is an outcome
focused approach that concentrates on the
mastery of skills at the learners pace rather
than within a specific period of time.

10. PURPOSES OF CBE:
1) Measure student learning rather than time.

11. PURPOSES OF CBE: cont..
2) Harness the power of technology for
teaching and learning.

12. PURPOSES OF CBE: cont..
3) Fundamentally change the faculty role.

13. PURPOSES OF CBE: cont..
4) Define competencies and develop valid, reliable
assessments.

14. PROCEDURE OF COMPETENCY
BASED EDUCATION:
1) Design 2) Development
3) Implement

15. 1) DESIGN:
To set training approach.
To develop learning purposes.
To determine operation scale.
To design education.

16. 2) DEVELOPMENT:
To prepare learning guide.
To verify a task.
To prepare course plans.
To prepare auxiliary medium.
Guide tests/ to review
materials and procedures.

17. 3) IMPLEMENT:
To implement a course
plan.
To train.
To do derived assessment.
To train a document

18. CHARACTERISTICS OF CBE:
1) Learning should be self –paced.
2) Flexible training approaches including large group
methods, small group activities and individual study
are essential components.
3) Satisfactory completion of training is based on
achievement of all specified competencies.

19. CHARACTERISTICS OF CBE: cont..
4) Supporting theory is integrated with skill practice.
5) Essential knowledge is learned to support the
performance of skills.
6) Participants knowledge and skills are assessed as
they entre the program.
7) Competencies are carefully selected.

20. CHARACTERISTICS OF CBE: cont..
7) Variety of support materials including print,
audiovisual and simulations (models) key to the skills
being mastered is used.

21. CHARACTERISTICS OF CBE: cont..
8) Method of instruction involves mastery learning, that
premise that all participants can master the required
knowledge or skills, provided sufficient time and
appropriate training methods are used.

22. FUNCTION OF COMPETENCY
BASED EDUCATION:
1) Curricular
criterion
2) Delivery
criterion
3)
Assessment
criterion
4) Reporting
/reporting
criterion
5)
Certification
criterion

23. 1) CURRICULAR CRITERION
1) The curriculum gives learners a clear indication of
what is expected of them in terms of performance,
conditions and standard.
2) Also, if appropriate, workplace and off the job
training and assessment responsibilities should be
identified.

24. 2) DELIVERY CRITERION
1) Delivery is flexible and learners
can exercise initiative in the
learning process.
2) Learning materials used by
providers indicate the degree to
which program delivery is learner
centered.

25. 3) ASSESSMENT CRITERION:
Assessment should :
1) Measure performance
demonstrated against a specified
competence standard.
2) Be available for competencies
gained outside the course.
3) Include workplace or off the job
components if appropriate.

26. 4) REPORTING / RECORDING
CRITERION:
1) Reports of competencies
gained should be provided to
learners.
2) Reporting may be in terms of
completed modules provided that
the relationship between
competencies and modules is
understood.

27. 5) CERTIFICATION CRITERION:
Person demonstrating all
prescribed competences in an
accredited course or training
programme should obtain a
credential or statement of
attainment which is recognized
with the national framework.

28. PROCESS OF COMPETENCY
BASED EDUCATION:
Step 1: Understand the benefits and
challenges of competency – based
education.
Step 2: Evaluate and catalogue the
objectives of academic program.
Step 3: Review the curriculum structure of
programme and the list of core
competencies, if available.

29. CONT...
Step 4: Consider adding missing
disciplines and skill sets to
existing program.
Step 5: Make the core
competencies of program publicly
visible.

30. CONT..
Step 6: Solicit feedback from students,
graduates, faculty, and alumni to continue
revising and optimizing core competencies
and associated curricular offerings.

31. MODE OF COMPETENCY BASED
EDUCATION :
a)
Downloadable
mode
b) Read only
mode
c) Class room
interaction.

32. MODE OF COMPETENCY BASED
EDUCATION :
a) DOWNLOADABLE MODE:
1) Downloadable mode empowers to offer
education in a dynamic from to students.
Student can assess lesson, assignments and
submit their script online.

33. Cont…
2) They can downloaded their lesson notes and
assess archived lessons, tutorial sessions, lectures
etc.

34. cont..
3) Method of instruction involves mastery
learning, that premise that all participants can
master the required knowledge or skills,
provided sufficient time and appropriate training
methods are used.

35. b) READ ONLY MODE:
 Students will be able to only read the course
concepts. Downloading or interacting is
unavailable.

36. c) CLASSROOM INTERACTION:
The interactive learning provides an
environment for students to talk and discuss
freely about any related topics online. There
are two ways of classroom interaction.
a) X chart b) Mailing
group

38. a) X chart:
Client server models that works with internet
relay chat server protocol, it allows servers to
connect to each other effectively forming a
network. protocol is used by servers to talk to
each other.

39. X chart: cont..
Instructor and participants can talk with each
other and discuss on related topic for
stipulated time given by the instructor.

40. b) Mailing group:
Participant can become
member of mailing group
by registering their names
in their group. once
approved by the
instructor , participants
can post their questions to
this group ID.

41. Mailing group: cont..
This way course instructor or any other
participant can reply to questions that will be
read by all the members in that group
including the instructor.

42. ADVANTAGES OF CBE:
1) Participant will achieve competencies required in
the performance of their job.
2) Participant build confidence as they succeed in
mastering specific competencies.
3) Self pacing:-participants can move quickly
through material they know or take more time if
they need it.

43. ADVANTAGES OF CBE: cont..
4) Participants receive a transcript or list of the
competencies they have achieved.
5) Provide standards for determining how well
learning has occurred both at the individuals and
organizational level.

44. DISADVANTAGES OF CBE:
1) A CBE course is only as effective as the
process used to identify the competencies.
When little or no attention is give to
identification of the essential job skills, then
the resulting training course is likely to be
ineffective.

45. DISADVANTAGES OF CBE: cont..
2) Unless initial training and follow up
assistance is provided for the trainers, there is
tendency to “ teach as we were taught” and
CBT trainers quickly slip back into the role of
the traditional teacher.

46. ACTIVITIES OF COMPETENCY
BASED EDUCATION:
a) Learn
b) Assess

47. contd...
c) Help
d) Grade

49. INTRODUCTION:
Outcome based education is an theory that bases
education around pre-defined goals (outcome).
By the end of the education experience, each
student is expected to have achieved that goal.

50. INTRODUCTION: cont…
It is also called standards based
education reforms, mastery education,
and performance based education.

51. MEANING:
Outcome-based education means
clearly focusing and organizing
everything in an education system
around what is essential for all
students to be able to do
successfully at the end of their
learning experience.

53. DEFINITION:
Outcome based education (OBE) is a process that
involves the restructuring of curriculum, assessment
and reporting practices in education to reflect the
achievement of high order learning and mastery
rather than the accumulation of course credits.

54. Contd..
In outcome based learning, all
school programs and
instructional efforts are
designed to have produced
specific, lasting results in
students by the time they leave
school.

55. CHARACTERISTICS OF OBE:
1) It has program objective, program outcomes,
and performance indicators.
2) It is objective and outcome driven, where every
stated objective and outcome can be assessed
and evaluated.

56. CONTD..
3) Program objectives address the graduates
attainment within 3-5 years after their graduation.
4) Program outcomes, which consist of abilities to
be attained by students before they graduate, are
formulated based on the program objective.

57. FOUR ESSENTIAL PRINCIPLES IN
OUTCOMES BASED EDUCATION:
a) Clarity of
focus
b) Designing
down
c) High
expectation
d) Expanded
opportunities

58. a) CLARITY OF FOCUS:
Teachers should focus on helping students to develop
the knowledges, skills and personalities that will
enable them to achieve the intended outcome that
have been clearly articulated.

59. b) DESIGNING DOWN:
1) It means that the curriculum design must starts
with a clear definition of the intended outcomes
that students are to achieve by the end of the
program.
2) Once this has been done all instructional decision
are then made to ensure achieve this desired end
result.

61. c) HIGH EXPECTATIONS:
1) It means that teachers should establish high,
challenging standards of performance in order to
encourage students to engage deeply in what they are
learning.

62. HIGH EXPECTATIONS: cont..
2) Helping students to achieve high standards is linked
very closely with the idea that successful learning
promotes more successful learning.

63. d) EXPANDED OPPORTUNITIES:
1) Teachers must strive to provide expanded
opportunities for all students.
2) This principle is based on the idea that not all
learners can learn the same thing in the same
way and in the same time.

64. EXPANDED OPPORTUNITIES: cont..
3) Most students can achieve high standards if they are
given appropriate opportunities.

65. PROCESS OF OUTCOME BASED
EDUCATION:
Step 1: Establish student learning goals (SLG) as
miserable learning objective.
Step 2: Develop specific assessment.
Step 3: Develop comprehensive assessment – tools to
assess and measure each criteria.

66. CONT..
Step 4: Collect data from assessed student learning
goal using.
Step 5: Analyze assessment data.
 step 6: Use data to improve student learning and
report for accreditation.

67. BENEFITS OF OBE:
1) Promotes high expectations and greater
learning for all students.
2) Prepare students for life and work
values, attitudes and beliefs.
3) Encourages decision making regarding
curriculum ,teaching methods, school
structure and management at each
school or district level.

68. DISADVANTAGES OF OUTCOME
BASED EDUCATION:
1) Outcome based education is that it conflicts with
the admission requirement and practices of some
colleges and universities.
2) Outcome based learning focus on feeling , values,
attitudes and beliefs over attaining factual
knowledge.

69. cont..
3) Outcome based education also relies on
evaluation that are subjective ,rather than
objective tests and measurements.

70. ACTIVITIES OF OUTCOME BASED
EDUCATION:
Setting outcome
Achieving outcome

71. Contd..
Measuring success
Evaluation

72. INFORMATION EDUCATION
AND COMMUNICATION IN
HEALTH

73. INTRODUCTION OF IEC IN
HEALTH:
The importance of health
education has been
increasingly realized
during the last three decade
so much that health
education has emerged as
a specialty in itself .

74. INTRODUCTION contd..
Information education and
communication is a method
that empower people to
make decisions, change
behavior in a correct
manner.

75. INTRODUCTION contd..
The aim of health education is
to bring about a change in
health behavior of people in a
such manner that the harmful
health practices given up while
good ones are reinforced.

76. MEANING:
Information Education
Communication

77. INFORMATION:
Information is defined as one
or more statement or fact that
are received by a human
which have some form of
worth to him.

78. EDUCATION:
Education is the process by which behavioral
change takes place in an individual as a result
of experience which he has undergone.

79. COMMUNICATION:
Communication is the
process of attempting to
change the behavior of other
when people exchange idea
and information they can
work together better.

80. DEFINITION:
IEC it is a approach which attempt to change or
reinforce a set of behavior in a target audience
regarding a specific problem in a predefined period of
time .
Reproductive health and research, WHO

81. DEFINITION: contd..
It is process of
learning that empower
people to make
decisions modified
behaviour and change
social conditions.

82. AIMS OF INFORMATION EDUCATION
AND COMMUNICATION:
To change the health
behavior of individual,
family and community.
To prepare background or
basis for change in health
behavior.
To change the norms of the
community.

83. AIMS OF INFORMATION EDUCATION
AND COMMUNICATION: contd..
To facilitate education for
audience about public health and
to create awareness in public
opinion.
To obtain social, political support
for health activities.

84. SCOPE OF INFORMATION
EDUCATION AND
COMMUNICATION IN RELATION
TO HEALTH:
Primary health care.
Prevention / control on
communicable disease.
Reproductive health/ maternal
and child health services.

85. Contd..
Family welfare/ nutritional services
Personal hygiene.

86. OBJECTIVES OF INFORMATION
EDUCATION AND
COMMUNICATION:
1) Increase reach of services
2) Improve the quality of services.
3) Make supervision more oriented towards
problem solving.

87. contd..
4) Link supervision with training at various level.
5) Concentrate on local field problems both for
development of training material and their users.
6) Combine interpersonal communication strategy
with mass media approaches.

88. Contd..
Improve performance level through continuous
with villages community volunteers.

89. NEEDS OF IEC IN HEALTH:
1) They define a community needs, create
awareness, promote heath education and guide
them on how to exercise their rights.
2) Through radio, phone in programs, TV and
printed materials, people have been made aware
of swine flu, malaria and infectious disease.

90. Contd..
3) IEC has become an effective medium for
bringing awareness, mythical beliefs, and
championing the cause for health and development.

91. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF IEC:
a) Visit schedule.
b) Monitoring and
Evaluation.
c) Training.
d) Supervision.

92. a) VISIT SCHEDULE:
Under IEC scheme the tour programs
of health worker one drawn as a
weekly schedule rather than date wise
calendar schedule, new system
attempts to make the visit regular,
week days in a fortnight of a particular
village to establish a link between
villager and worker.

93. b) MONITORING AND EVALUATION:
Success of any program depends on ability to
monitor and evaluate program adequately and
accurately and to take corrective action if
necessary.

94. c) TRAINING :
It should not only cover technical aspects of
program but also focus on problem solving
skills of workers.

95. d) SUPERVISION:
Each supervision during visit, records
target achievements, new instruction are
supervised.

96. PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION
EDUCATION AND
COMMUNICATION IN HEALTH:
1) Change in health behaviour.
2) It’s not an artificial teaching
learning exercise.
3) Should involve free discussion.
4) Tell only what is needed.

97. PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION
EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION
IN HEALTH: contd..
5) Do not give conflicting
information.
6) Try to change only what needs
to be changed.
7) Educator should make himself
acceptable.

98. PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION
EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION
IN HEALTH: contd..
8) audiovisual aids wherever possible.
9) Choose a proper medium of
communication
10) Communication must be good.
11) Health education should be planned
properly.

99. CHARECTERISTICS OF
INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND
COMMUNICATION:
Maintenance of health
Empowering people to make decision

100. Contd..
Influenced by socio cultural or environmental
factors
Interpersonal communication channel is used

101. RESOURCES OF INFORMATION
EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION:
1. Print media.

102. 2) Mass media.

103. a) Television

104. b) Radio , c) Internet

105. IMPORTANCE OF IEC:
It creates awareness , increase knowledge
and change attitudes.
It is not expensive.
It ensures feedback mechanism .
Concentrate on local field problems both
for development of training material and
their users.

106. IMPORTANCE OF IEC: contd..
Combine interpersonal
communication strategy with
mass media approach
Proper performance level
through continuous with
village community volunteers.

107. PLANNING AN IEC STRATERGIES:
IEC success when it is planned
with a comprehensive strategy.
Gain knowledge and incorporated
community tradition.
Everything cannot be changed at
once and focus on relevancy.

108. PLANNING AN IEC STRATERGIES: contd..
The timing should be appropriate.
Information overload is to be avoided.

109. ADVANTAGES OF IEC:
1) It help to understand the “Felt needs” of the
people.
2) It helps in identification motivating factors in
people for bringing about positive changes.
3) It helps in planning effective health education
materials.

110. Contd..
4) It helps in creating good rapport of health worker
in the community.
5) It enhances community participation in health
programme.

111. DISADVANTAGES OF IEC:
1) Sometime it can lead to wrong perceptions.
2) Environmental barrier (noise pollution,
overcrowding).
3) Cultural barrier(illiteracy, customs, beliefs).

112. NURSES RESPONSIBILITY IN IEC:
A friendly cooperative feeling
should be kept for health
education.
The opportunities for health
education should be widely used.
It is necessary to use appropriate
audio visual aids to enhance the
effect of health education.

113. Contd..
The sufficient preparation and
cooperation of the government and
voluntary agencies, central health
education bureau, state health
education bureau, directorate of
audio visual publicity, local leaders,
teachers, health workers etc.

114. Contd..
It is necessary to remove various
obstacles in communication.
Health education should be planned
and continuous.
The nurse should consider the
following points in health
education:

115. Contd..
a)To gain confidence of people.
b)To arouse the interest in people about good health.
c)To motivate the, to bring about changes in habits
for healthy life.
d)To develop a sense of responsibility among people
towards good health of the whole community.

116. ACTIVITIES OF INFORMATION
EDUCATION AND
COMMUNICATION FOR HEALTH:
Conduct assessment
Set goal

117. Contd..
Establish objective
Develop I. E.C activities

118. Contd..
Identify barriers
Identify resources and
support

119. Contd..
Establish an evaluation plan

120. CONCLUSION:
Competency based education approach allows students
to advance based on their ability to master a skill or
competency at their own pace regardless of
environment.
Outcome based education is an theory that bases
education around pre defined goals by the end of the
educational experiences, each students is expected to
have achieve that goal.

121. CONCLUSION: Contd..
Information, education and communication in
health to bring about a change in health behaviour
of the people in such a manner that the harmful
health practices given up while good ones are
reinforced.

122. SUMMARIZATION:

123. ??

124. RECAPITALIZATION:
1.Enlist the modes of competency- based
education?
2.OBE is also called as?
3.Enlist the principles of OBE?

125. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Neerja K P. Textbook of nursing education fifth edition:
Jaypee publishers. Page no. 267-269.
www.slideshare.com. On viewed> 15-3-2020 Elvina
Edwin.
Sodhi Kaur Jaspreet .comprehensive textbook of nursing
education. Jaypee publisher;2017 page no. 233-234
https://www.slideshare.net on viewed> 20-4-2020 Nidhi
Chauhan, Stephi Poulose.