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1. EUROPEAN UNION Presented by Atodaria Viraj(02) Kathiriya Alpesh(34) Doctor Parthav(21) Kapadia Hussain(30) Jethva Ketan(28) Mavani Hardik(39)

7. The Present

18. CURRENT EU ISSUES

28. European Union Trade Policy

29. Facts About World Trade Evolution of World Trade: 1999-2004 Million Euro

30. EU in World Trade A Major Trading Power First Exporter Second Largest Importer 20% of world trade: 19% world trade in goods, 24% world trade in services Foreign direct investment (FDI): EU-25 source of 46% of the world’s FDI (€235 billion) and hosts 20% of the world’s FDI (€119 billion)

31. EU in World Trade A Major Trading Power Share in World trade in Goods Share in World trade in Services

32. EU in World Trade EU-27 Trade in goods- Export by Region (2004 Million Euro)

33. EU in World Trade EU-27 Trade in goods- Import by Region (2004 Million Euro)

34. EU in World Trade

35. EU in World Trade Degree of Insertion in world economy RATIO Total Trade = ( Imports + Exports)/GDP - 2004 EU 19.9 US 16.6 Japan 17.1 China 47.5

36. EU in World Trade Imports from Developing Countries (mn Euro) Others Imports from Least developing Countries (mn Euro)

37. EU Trade policy-Basic Features 3 Dimensions Multilateral Bilateral/ Regional Unilateral

38. EU Trade policy-Basic Features Multilateral Mostly implemented in the framework of the WTO with the aim of promoting market access with rules , in the context of effective global governance . For example - • for trade in goods : policies such as “tariff reduction” and technical barriers to trade. But not forgetting the promotion of EU values, including: • environmental concerns • food safety • cultural diversity • … and how to promote core labour standards ?

39. EU Trade policy-Basic Features Bilateral/ Regional In addition to the WTO's multilateral negotiations, the EU concludes bilateral agreements and devises specific trading policies with third countries and regional areas . 121 countries are potentially linked to the EU by regional trade agreements, many negotiated in the 1990s. EU policy rationale for bilateral agreements • Trade expansion and rules-making (WTO+) • F ostering development and promoting regional development • N ew ideas for “ Neighborhood” policy/ “Wider Europe” Key EU bilateral agreements include: • Economic Partnership Agreements in negotiation with ACP countries (Cotonou) • Free Trade Agreements with EFTA, EEA, Euromed, Mercosur (in negotiation), Mexico, South Africa... • Customs Unions with Turkey, Andorra and San Marino • Partnership and Cooperation Agreements with Russia &Ukraine

40. EU Trade policy-Basic Features Unilateral The EU also implements unilateral measures as an additional trade policy instrument in the interests of development and/or political stability in line with the Union’s key political priorities: General System of Preferences (GSP) classical instrument for fostering development is by granting tariff preferences. The EU's GSP grants products imported from GSP beneficiary countries either duty-free access or a tariff reduction depending on the sensitivity of the product and the GSP arrangement enjoyed by the Country concerned. “ Everything But Arms” initiative (EBA) - EBA is a special GSP arrangement for the least developed countries . EBA grants duty-free access to imports of all products from LDCs without any quantitative restrictions, except to arms and munitions . Asymmetrical preferences e.g. for the Balkans and Moldova, with the aim of ensuring peace, stability, freedom and economic prosperity in the region (cf. “Wider Europe”).

41. EU Trade policy A comparison between the EU and the US Efficiency Transparency Legitimacy • Exclusive EU competence • Council acts on the basis of QMV • Member States usually stick to common line • Legal texts quite complicated following the adoption of the Treaty of Nice • Community mandate from Council • EUParliament only plays a limited role EU • Congressional constitutional responsibility, “leased back” to Administration • Congressional ‘fast track’ procedure time ltd, politicized • Political debate over Trade Promotion Authority (adopted in 2001) heightened public awareness, allowed debate on trade policy priorities • Congress retains final say thanks to constitutional responsibility US

44. Euro

57. Euro to Indian Rupee

58. Euro to Other Currencies using values from Friday, February 08, 2008 1 EUR in EUR American Dollar 1.4505 0.689417 Australian Dollar 1.62157 0.616685 Brazilian Real 2.56086 0.390494 British Pound 0.744879 1.3425 Canadian Dollar 1.44963 0.689831 Chinese Yuan 10.4189 0.095979 Danish Krone 7.4534 0.134167 Hong Kong Dollar 11.3145 0.0883823 Indian Rupee 57.4543 0.0174051 Japanese Yen 155.697 0.00642274 Malaysian Ringgit 4.68512 0.213442 Mexican Peso 15.6045 0.0640841 New Zealand Dollar 1.8405 0.543331 Norwegian Kroner 8.0278 0.124567 Singapore Dollar 2.05594 0.486396 South African Rand 11.3067 0.0884435 South Korean Won 1370.14 0.000729851 Sri Lanka Rupee 156.393 0.00639415 Swedish Krona 9.41419 0.106223 Swiss Franc 1.60106 0.624585 Taiwan Dollar 46.416 0.0215443 Thai Baht 45.4007 0.0220261

69. EU-India Trade Relations

82. 1.Primary Education 2.Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Programme 3. Health : Support to Health and Family Welfare Sector Development 4. Development