Cloud Computing

Prof. Pawan Thakur
Ph.D. (CSE-Submitted), M. Phil. (CS), M.C.A.,
Secretary SCIT Group of Institutions, Bhopal.
H.O.D, Department of Computer App. & Information Tech.,
Vidyasagar Institute of Management,
Bhopal (M.P.) India.
Sikma Thakur
M.Sc. (Information Technology)
Faculty, Computer Science & Information Technology,
School of Computer & Information Technology (SCIT),
Bhopal (M.P.) India.
Strictly according to the Syllabus of Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki
Vishwavidyalaya (RGPV), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (India)

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This book is intended basic concepts of Cloud Computing. The Cloud Computing and
Web are disruptive technologies and the technology is changing, developing, and improving
with breathtaking speed. Cloud Computing will have a greater effect on our lives than the
PC revolution and the dot-com revolution combined. This book details how to go beyond
the theory and build "industrial strength" robust and highly scalable cloud computing
applications for the enterprise. We discuss: Whose platforms are available today? What
tools facilitate development? How to fit the different pieces together etc. We look at
actual case studies, and examine costs, technologies, and problems that were overcome.
Each chapter of this book contains student learning activities to give the readers a chance
to enhance the learning process. This book on cloud computing has been written for the
undergraduate students of B.E (CS/IT). & B. Tech. and postgraduate students of M.C.A,
M.E & M. Tech.(CS/IT), and similar courses of various Universities of Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab and other Indian Universities. This
book is divided in to 10 chapters & 6 experiments. Chapter 1 & 2, presents the basics of
Cloud Computing, Vision of Cloud Computing, Cloud computing environments, Cloud
and dynamic infrastructure, Cloud Adoption and rudiments and overview of cloud
applications: ECG Analysis in the cloud, Protein structure prediction, Gene Expression
Data Analysis, Satellite Image Processing, CRM and ERP, Social networking etc.
In Chapter 3 & 4, We bring, Cloud Computing Architecture, NIST Cloud Computing
Reference Architecture, IBM Cloud Computing Reference Architecture, DMTF Cloud
Service Reference Architecture, CSA Reference Model, CISCO Cloud Reference
Architecture, Cloud Reference Model, Types of Clouds, Cloud Interoperability & Standards,
Scalability and Fault Tolerance, Cloud Solutions, Cloud Ecosystem, Cloud Business Process
Management, Cloud Service Management, Cloud Offerings and Virtual Desktop
Infrastructure. Chapter 5 & 6, deals with the concepts of Cloud Management & Virtualization
Technology, Resiliency, Provisioning, Concepts of Map reduce, Cloud Governance, High
Availability and Disaster Recovery. Virtualization, virtualization Hypervisor management
software, Virtual LAN(VLAN) and Virtual SAN(VSAN) and their benefits.
Chapter 7 & 8 we present the theoretical and practical concepts of Cloud Security, Cloud

security services, Design principles, Secure Cloud Software Requirements, Policy
Implementation, Cloud Computing Security Challenges, Virtualization security Management
and different Cloud Computing Security Architecture, CSA Cloud Security Reference
Model, NIST Security Reference Architecture, IBM Security Framework etc. In Chapter 9
& 10 we evaluate and examine Market Based Management of Clouds, Federated Clouds
Cloud, Third Party Cloud Services, and Case study of Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure,
Hadoop, Amazon, Aneka etc.
Finally, the practical manual provided, covered experiments as per syllabus of RGTU with
diagram, theory behind practical's and procedure. The authors will be pleased to receive
any comments, constructive criticism as suggestions made by teachers and students for
any improvement needed for the book.
Prof. Pawan Thakur
Sikma Thakur

Let us thank everyone who provided us suggestions and corrections for improving the
new edition of this book. Many people contributed to this book and we would like to
thanks them all. We have helped by our parents, teachers, colleagues and students too
many but are very special who have assisted our thinking for this new edition by providing
challenging comments and questions. Although we have not always followed these many
pieces of advice and criticism, we have thought carefully about them all. So many people
have helped me out that it is unfortunately no longer feasible to list all their names.
I, Pawan Thakur, deeply and profoundly thank my father Late Shri Hari Chand Thakur who
was encouraging me to strive for the best, his contribution will be remembered forever. I
am thankful to my mother Mrs. Kunta Devi, without their blessing and valuable support this
could not achievable. My special thanks are due to my lovely wife Ms. Sikkma Devi
Thakur co-author of this book, my brother Mr. Ram Krishan and his wife Ms. Jyoti Thakur.
My extraordinary thanks are due to my cute son Master Sarthak Thakur and my nice
Master Kshitij Thakur without you this would not have been possible. I would also like to
thanks Shri Ram Rath Thakur, Shali Ram, Mast Ram, Raj Mal Thakur, Pratap Singh, Dalel
Singh, Bhag Singh Attri, Amrit Lal, Jitendra Attri & Vivek Sharma.
I, Sikma Thakur, first of all would like to thankful my wonderful father Shri Pratap Singh
Guleria and my mother Mrs. Leeta Guleria, who have always taught me to excel. I am
grateful to my family specially my in-laws who have truly participated in my work. I would
like to give special thanks to my brother Mr. Shiv Guleria, Mamta Guleria, Riya Guleria,
Mr. Jagar Nath Guleria, Mr. Shri Ram Guleria, Mr. Prakesh Chand Guleria, Mr. Hansh Raj
Guleria, Mr. Ramesh Guleria, Vinod, Gagan, Sonu, Sushma & Savita Guleria. This could
not be possible without the emotional and psychological encouragement of my amazing
husband and my beloved son Master Sarthak Thakur for their priceless support and help
at every step thank you for this. The editorial and Computer Science & Engineering teams
of M/s Satya Prakashan specially Dr. Dheeraj Vasu would like to join the authors in
thanking of following reviewers whose comments and suggestions have helping us to
bring the text to its present form.

 Shri Suresh Jain IAS (Rtd.), MD, Vidyasagar Institute of Management and Dr. Vikas
Saraf, Director, Vidyasagar Institute of Management, Bhopal and Dr. S.K. Gandhi, Joint
Controller, M.P. Professional Examination Board, Bhopal.
 Prof (Dr.) Mohanlal Chhipa, Hon`ble Vice Chancellor, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Hindi
Vishwavidyalaya Bhopal. Prof. V.K. Verma, Hon`ble, Vice Chancellor & Prof. Vijay
Singh, Registrar, AISECT University, Bhopal.
 Dr. S.K. Vijay, Chairman Department of Computer Science, Barkatullah University,
and HOD (Physics & CS), Govt. Geetanjali Girls P G College, Bhopal. Dr. Sanjay
Bhatt, HOD, Department of MCA & Dr. M.K Singhai, Asst. Professor, Department of
Commerce, Govt. Geetanjali Girls College, Bhopal. Shri Uday Singh Rawat, MD,
SCIT Group of Institutions, Bhopal.
 Dr. R.S. Thakur, Associate Professor & Dr. G.S. Thakur, Assistant Professor, Department
of MCA, MANIT, Bhopal. Dr. Deepti Maheshwari, Research Coordinator, Ms.
Sangeeta Jauhari, Research convener, Ms. Ambika, Department of CS, AISECT
University, Bhopal.
 Shri Ram Kumar, Maya Ram Atal, Roohi Ali and R.K. Malviya, Department of MCA,
& Manohar Lalwani, K.K. Dwivedi, Sandeep Gour, faculty, Govt. Geetanjali Girls PG
College, Bhopal.
I also thank all colleagues and students of MCA department of Govt. Geetanjlai Girls P.G.
College in batches 2007 to 2010 have given me numerous ideas. Finally, special thanks
are due to all the faculty members and students of B.Com. (Computer Application), B.B.A.
& M.B.A. VIM, Bhopal.
Finally we would like to thanks M/s Satya Prakashan for taking pains in bringing out this
book in nice and attractive form.
Prof. Pawan Thakur
Sikma Thakur

1. INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING ................... 1-1—1-34
1.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2. Definitions of Cloud Computing ...................................................................... 1-3
1.2.1. Why Cloud Computing ..................................................................... 1-4
1.2.2 Cloud Computing Vs Distributed Computing ....................................... 1-5
1.2.3. Cloud Computing Vs Grid Computing................................................ 1-5
1.2.4 Cloud Computing Vs Cluster Computing ............................................ 1-6
1.3. Historical Development .................................................................................. 1-6
1.4. Vision of Cloud Computing ............................................................................ 1-7
1.5. Characteristics of Cloud Computing as Per NIST ............................................... 1-9
1.5.1. Benefits of Cloud Computing ........................................................... 1-10
1.5.2. Challenges of Cloud Computing...................................................... 1-11
1.6. Cloud Computing Reference Model : An Overview ......................................... 1-12
1.7. Cloud Computing Environments ................................................................... 1-14
1.8. Cloud Services Requirements ........................................................................ 1-16
1.8.1. Cloud Service Models ..................................................................... 1-18
1.8.2. Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) .................................................. 1-20
1.9. Cloud And Dynamic Infrastructure ................................................................. 1-21
1.9.1. Cloud Infrastructure Components ..................................................... 1-23
1.9.2. Infrastructural Constraints................................................................ 1-23
1.9.3. Building a Dynamic Infrastructure..................................................... 1-24
1.10. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing ..................................... 1-26
1.11. Cloud Adoption and Rudiments .................................................................... 1-28
1.11.1. Drivers for Cloud-computing Adoption ............................................. 1-29
1.11.2. Barriers in Cloud Computing Adoption ............................................. 1-30
m Solved Questions ........................................................................................ 1-30
2. OVERVIEW OF CLOUD APPLICATIONS ........................ 2-1—2-22
2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 2-1
2.2. Overview of Cloud Applications ...................................................................... 2-2
2.3. Electrocardiogram (ECG) Analysis in the Cloud ................................................ 2-3
2.3.1. Benefits of ECG Analysis in the Cloud ................................................ 2-5
2.4. Protein Structure Prediction ............................................................................. 2-5
2.4.1. Benefits of Cloud in Protein Structure Prediction ................................... 2-5

2C O N T E N T S
2.5. Gene Expression Data Analysis ....................................................................... 2-6
2.5.1. Benefits of Gene Expression Data Analysis ........................................... 2-6
2.6. Satellite Cloud Image Processing ..................................................................... 2-6
2.6.1. Benefits of Satellite Cloud Image Processing......................................... 2-8
2.7. Customer Relationship Management (CRM )..................................................... 2-8
2.7.1. CRM Cloud Computing .................................................................... 2-8
2.7.2. Benefits of CRM Cloud Computing ..................................................... 2-9
2.8. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) ............................................................... 2-10
2.8.1. ERP Cloud Computing ................................................................... 2-10
2.8.2. Benefits of Cloud Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) ......................... 2-11
2.8.3. Integrating Cloud CRM and ERP Applications ................................... 2-11
2.9. Social Networking ....................................................................................... 2-12
2.9.1. Social Networking Cloud Computing................................................ 2-13
2.9.2. Advantage and Disadvantages of Social Networking .......................... 2-14
2.9.3. Avoid and Prevent of Disadvantages ................................................ 2-16
3. CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE .......................... 3-1—3-56
3.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 3-1
3.2. Cloud Computing Architecture ........................................................................ 3-2
3.3. Cloud Reference Model.................................................................................. 3-6
3.4. NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture .................................................. 3-9
3.4.1. Cloud Consumer ........................................................................... 3-10
3.4.2. Cloud Provider .............................................................................. 3-12
3.4.3. Cloud Broker ................................................................................. 3-17
3.4.4. Cloud Carrier ................................................................................ 3-17
3.4.5. Cloud Auditor ............................................................................... 3-17
3.4.6. NIST Service Models ....................................................................... 3-18
3.5. IBM Cloud Computing Reference Architecture ................................................. 3-21
3.5.1. Cloud Service Consumers ............................................................... 3-22
3.5.2. Cloud Service Providers .................................................................. 3-22
3.5.3. Cloud Service Creators ................................................................... 3-24
3.5.4. Cloud Security, Resiliency and Performance Architecture ...................... 3-24
3.5.5. Governance .................................................................................. 3-24
3.6. DMTF Cloud Service Reference Architecture .................................................... 3-25
3.7. Cloud Security Alliance(CSA) Reference Model ................................................ 3-25
3.8. CISCO Cloud Reference Architecture ............................................................. 3-27
3.9. Types of Cloud ............................................................................................ 3-29
3.9.1. Private Cloud ................................................................................ 3-30
3.9.2. Community Cloud .......................................................................... 3-31
3.9.3. Public Cloud ................................................................................. 3-33
3.9.4 Hybrid Cloud ................................................................................ 3-34
3.9.5. Federated Cloud ............................................................................ 3-36
3.9.6. Personal Cloud .............................................................................. 3-37
3.10. Cloud Interoperability................................................................................... 3-38
3.10.1. Need and View of Interoperability .................................................... 3-39
3.10.2. Interoperability Approaches ............................................................. 3-39

3C O N T E N T S
3.11. Cloud Standardization ................................................................................. 3-42
3.11.1. Cloud Standardization Projects ........................................................ 3-42
3.11.2. Standardization Challenges ............................................................. 3-44
3.12. Scalability ................................................................................................... 3-44
3.12.1. Cloud Scalability Component .......................................................... 3-45
3.12.2. Cloud Scalability Techniques............................................................ 3-46
3.13. Fault Tolerance ........................................................................................... 3-47
3.13.1. Challenges of Fault Tolerance in Cloud Computing ............................ 3-47
3.13.2. Fault Tolerance Techniques in Cloud Computing ................................ 3-47
4. CLOUD SOLUTION AND OFFERINGS .......................... 4-1—4-30
4.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 4-1
4.2. Cloud Solutions ............................................................................................ 4-1
4.2.1. Advantages or Benefits of Cloud Solutions ........................................... 4-3
4.2.2. Solution Selection Making Process...................................................... 4-4
4.3. Cloud Ecosystem ........................................................................................... 4-5
4.3.1. Benefits of the Cloud Ecosystem ......................................................... 4-7
4.4. Cloud Business Process Management .............................................................. 4-7
4.4.1. Selecting a Business Process .............................................................. 4-9
4.4.2. BPM Lifecycle .................................................................................. 4-9
4.4.3. BPAAS Vs Traditional Applications .................................................... 4-10
4.5. Cloud Service Management .......................................................................... 4-10
4.5.1. Cloud Management Strategies ......................................................... 4-13
4.6. Cloud Offerings .......................................................................................... 4-13
4.6.1. Challenges for Cloud Offering ......................................................... 4-15
4.7. Cloud Analytics........................................................................................... 4-16
4.7.1. Real-time Analytics ......................................................................... 4-17
4.7.2. Applications of Real-time Analytics ................................................... 4-17
4.7.3. Cloud Analytics Services ................................................................. 4-17
4.8. Cloud Testing Under Control......................................................................... 4-18
4.9. Virtual Desktop Infrastructure ........................................................................ 4-21
4.9.1. Benefits of Virtual Desktop Infrastructure ............................................ 4-22
4.9.2. Advantages and Disadvantage ........................................................ 4-23
5. CLOUD MANAGEMENT................................................ 5-1—5-26
5.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1.1. Challenges of Cloud Management ..................................................... 5-2
5.1.2. Cloud Management Tasks ................................................................. 5-3
5.1.3. Cloud Management Products ............................................................ 5-5
5.2. Resiliency ..................................................................................................... 5-5
5.2.1. Benefits of Cloud-based Resilience ..................................................... 5-6
5.3. Provisioning ................................................................................................. 5-7
5.3.1. Types of Provisioning ........................................................................ 5-8
5.4. Asset Management ........................................................................................ 5-8
5.4.1. Cloud for Asset Managers ................................................................. 5-9
5.5. Concepts of Map Reduce ............................................................................. 5-10

4C O N T E N T S
5.5.1. The Map Reduce Paradigm ............................................................. 5-11
5.6. Cloud Governance ..................................................................................... 5-13
5.6.1. Cloud Governance Lifecycle ............................................................ 5-14
5.6.2. Microsoft’s Cloud Governance Model .............................................. 5-15
5.6.3. Schepers SOA Cloud Governance Model ......................................... 5-15
5.7. High Availability.......................................................................................... 5-16
5.7.1. Approaches for Cloud High Availability ............................................ 5-16
5.7.2. Challenges and Complexities........................................................... 5-17
5.8. Disaster Recovery ........................................................................................ 5-19
5.8.1. Disaster Recovery Plan .................................................................... 5-19
5.8.2. Cloud Computing for Effective Disaster Recovery ................................ 5-19
5.8.3. High Availability Disaster Recovery (DR) Strategies .............................. 5-20
6. VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY ................................ 6-1—6-34
6.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 6-1
6.2. Fundamental Concepts of Compute ................................................................ 6-2
6.2.1. How Does Virtualization Work in Cloud Computing ? ............................... 6-4
6.2.2. Types of Virtualization........................................................................ 6-4
6.2.3. Virtualization Features ...................................................................... 6-4
6.2.4. Advantages and Disadvantages ......................................................... 6-6
6.3. Storage Virtualization ..................................................................................... 6-7
6.3.1. Advantages of Storage Virtualization ................................................... 6-8
6.3.2. Storage Virtualization Approaches ...................................................... 6-8
6.4. Networking Virtualization.............................................................................. 6-12
6.4.1. Hosted Virtualization....................................................................... 6-13
6.5. Desktop (Client) Virtualization ....................................................................... 6-14
6.6. Application Virtualization.............................................................................. 6-16
6.7. Server Virtualization ..................................................................................... 6-17
6.7.1. Server Virtualization Approaches ...................................................... 6-18
6.8. Block Level Storage...................................................................................... 6-20
6.9. File Level Storage ........................................................................................ 6-20
6.10. Virtualization Hypervisor Management Software ............................................... 6-21
6.10.1. Types of Virtualization Hypervisor ...................................................... 6-21
6.10.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Virtualization Hypervisor ................ 6-22
6.10.3. Virtualization Hypervisor Management Software (VM ware VS phere) ..... 6-22
6.11. Infrastructure Requirements ........................................................................... 6-24
6.12. Virtual Lan (VLAN) ....................................................................................... 6-26
6.13. Virtual San (VSAN) ...................................................................................... 6-27
7. CLOUD SECURITY ......................................................... 7-1—7-16
7.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 7-1
7.2. Cloud Information Security Fundamentals ......................................................... 7-2
7.3. Cloud Security Services .................................................................................. 7-4
7.4. Design Principles........................................................................................... 7-6
7.5. Policy Implementation .................................................................................... 7-8
7.5.1. NIST Cloud Policy ............................................................................ 7-8
7.6. Cloud Computing : Security Challenges ........................................................... 7-9

7.7. Virtualization Security Management................................................................ 7-11
8. CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY ARCHITECTURE .......... 8-1—8-20
8.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 8-1
8.2. Cloud Computing Security Architecture ............................................................ 8-1
8.2.1. Open Security Architecture Group : Security Architecture ....................... 8-4
8.3. Cloud Security Alliance: Cloud Security Reference Model .................................... 8-7
8.3.1. What Is Security For Cloud Computing ? ................................................... 8-7
8.3.2. Beyond Architecture: The Areas of Critical Focus .................................. 8-9
8.4. Nist Security Reference Architecture ................................................................ 8-10
8.4.1. Cloud Consumer ........................................................................... 8-12
8.4.2. Cloud Provider .............................................................................. 8-13
8.4.3. Cloud Broker ................................................................................. 8-15
8.4.4. Cloud Carrier ................................................................................ 8-16
8.4.5. Cloud Auditor ............................................................................... 8-16
8.5. IBM Security Framework ............................................................................... 8-16
9. MARKET BASED MANAGEMENT OR CLOUDS .............. 9-1—9-24
9.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 9-1
9.2. Market Based Management of Clouds - ........................................................... 9-1
9.3. Federated Clouds: Meaning and Definition ...................................................... 9-3
9.4. Characterization............................................................................................ 9-3
9.4.1. Benefits of Federation Cloud.............................................................. 9-6
9.4.2. System Architecture........................................................................... 9-7
9.5. Cloud Federation Stack................................................................................ 9-10
9.6. Inter Cloud ................................................................................................. 9-11
9.6.1. Architectural Taxonomy ................................................................... 9-13
9.6.2. Taxonomy of Inter-cloud Application Brokering Mechanisms ................ 9-13
9.6.3. Application Centric Perspective to Inter-clouds ................................... 9-15
9.7. Third Party Cloud Services ............................................................................ 9-15
9.7.1. Cloud Service Delivery Model .......................................................... 9-16
10. CASE STUDY—CLOUD COMPUTING ......................... 10-1—10-22
10.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 10-1
10.2. Google App Engine .................................................................................... 10-1
10.3. Microsoft Azure ........................................................................................... 10-4
10.4. Hadoop ................................................................................................... 10-9
10.5. Amazon ................................................................................................. 10-12
10.6. Aneka ................................................................................................. 10-15
m Solved Questions ...................................................................................... 10-18
E. EXPERIMENTS ............................................................... E-1—E-94
E1A. Installation and Configuration of Hadoop ......................................................... E3
E1B. Installation and Configuration of Eucalyptus .................................................... E17

E2A. Service Deployment and Usage over Cloud ..................................................... E25
E2B. Deployment of Asp.Net Web Applicaton to a Window Azure Website .................. E38
E3. Managment of Cloud Resources .................................................................... E50
E4. Cloud Security Management .......................................................................... E71
E5. Using Existing Cloud Characteristics and Service Models................................... E84
E6. Performance Evaluation of Services over Cloud ................................................ E89
P. PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS ................................................. P-1—P-4
p p p

CS & IT-703, MCA-503 Cloud Computing
(RGPV), Bhopal
UNIT I
Introduction: Historical development, Vision of Cloud Computing, Characteristics of cloud
computing as per NIST, Cloud computing reference model, Cloud computing environments,
Cloud services requirements, Cloud and dynamic infrastructure, Cloud Adoption and
rudiments. Overview of cloud applications: ECG Analysis in the cloud, Protein structure
prediction, Gene Expression Data Analysis, Satellite Image Processing, CRM and ERP,
Social networking.
UNIT II
Cloud Computing Architecture: Cloud Reference Model, Types of Clouds, Cloud
Interoperability & Standards, Scalability and Fault Tolerance.
Cloud Solutions: Cloud Ecosystem, Cloud Business Process Management, Cloud Service
Management.
Cloud Offerings: Cloud Analytics, Testing Under Control, Virtual Desktop Infrastructure.
UNIT III
Cloud Management & Virtualization Technology : Resiliency, Provisioning, Asset
management, Conceps of Map reduce, Cloud Governance, High Availability and Disaster
Recovery. Virtualization: Fundamental concepts of compute, storage, networking, desktop
and application virtualization. Virtualization benefits, server virtualization, Block and file
level storage virtualization Hypervisor management software, Infrastructure Requirements
, Virtual LAN(VLAN) and Virtual SAN(VSAN) and their benefits.
UNIT IV
Cloud Security : Cloud Information security fundamentals, Cloud security services, Design
principles, Secure Cloud Software Requirements, Policy Implementation, Cloud Computing
Security Challenges, Virtualization security Management, Cloud Computing Secutity
Architecture.
UNIT V
Market Based Management of Clouds, Federated Clouds/Inter Cloud: Characterization &
Definition, Cloud Federation Stack, Third Party Cloud Services.
Case study : Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Hadoop, Amazon, Aneka.

List of Experiment
1. Installation and configuration of Hadoop/Euceliptus etc.
2. Service deployment & Usage over cloud.
3. Management of cloud resources.
4. Using existing cloud characteristics & Service models .
5. Cloud Security Management.
6. Performance evaluation of services over cloud .

IN THE MEMORY OF
Late Shri Hari Chand Thakur
(1958-2010)

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