1. The Virtual Cathedral and the Virtual Bazaar By Reina Y. Arakji and Karl R. Lang at City University of New York COM548 Fall 2009 Pei-chieh Chen

2. The Cathedral and the Bazaar by Eric Steven Raymond Cathedral  market-based production of closed source systems Bazaar  loosely open source systems

3. Open and Closed Innovation Models In the Virtual World Users’ participation high-quality game environment Non-predictable Predictable users behavior Open source Closed source Second Life World of Warcraft

5. Impact on current institutions “ Collective action in turn challenges existing institutions, by eroding the institutional monopoly on large-scale coordination.” – Clay Shirky Challenges: (1)The old limits on sharing information were the first thing to change. (2)Rapid and simple group formation. (3)Removing obstacles to collective action. For example, geography has been a core factor for forming groups, now it is not.

6. Failure For Free While many projects are proposed and started in the open source system, only a few ever get completed. “ Open source doesn’t reduce the likehood of failure; it reduces the cost of failure.” – Clay Shirky

8. Questions (1)Are there any features or strength in a closed source model what can't be found in a open source model? (2)Does "failure for free" allow people to be failed more than motivate people to succeed? References: Arakji, R. Y., & Lang, K. R. (2007). The Virtual Cathedral and the Virtual Bazaar. The Data Base for Advances in Information Systems : a Quarterly Publication of SIGBIT. 38 (4), 32-39. Shirky, C. (2008). Here comes everybody: The power of organizing without organizations. New York: Penguin Press.