Recomendados
Más contenido relacionado
La actualidad más candente
La actualidad más candente (20)
Destacado
Similar a Concept Explication
Similar a Concept Explication (20)
Más de phdserena
Más de phdserena (13)
Último
Último (20)
Concept Explication
- 1. “A good part of the work called ‘theorizing’ is taken up with the clarification of concepts—and rightly so” -- Robert Merton (1958, p.114).
- 4. RESEARCH CONCEPTS = UNITS OF THINKING • Terms and labels used to organize everyday experiences and communicate with others • Require explicit definitions • Determines what we measure and what we analyze
- 5. CONCEPT EXPLICATION The process by which “abstract concepts” are systematically linked to “observations in the real world” 1. Conceptual definitions: essential properties scholars include a definition 2. Operational definitions: procedures by which concepts are measured, observed or manipulated
- 6. BROAD FUNCTIONS OF CONCEPT EXPLICATION 1. Meaning Analysis (conceptualization & operationalization) 1. deductive process 2. process of developing interrelated conceptual and operational definitions 2. Empirical Analysis 1. inductive process 2. process of evaluating definitions on the basis of empirical evidence (observations)
- 7. 6 STEPS OF MEANING ANALYSIS 1. Identification of concept 2. Literature review about the concept 3. Empirical description of concept 4. Develop tentative conceptual definition 5. Develop tentative operational definition 6. Data gathering
- 8. 1. IDENTIFICATION OF A CONCEPT A competent journalist writes clearly.
- 9. 1. IDENTIFICATION OF CONCEPTS • Singular concepts • People (Obama); places (Michigan); things (cup) • Class concepts • politicians; cities; universities • Relational concepts • caused by; greater than; relate to • Variable concepts • gender; self-efficacy
- 11. 1. IDENTIFY A CONCEPT (SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS) • Abstractness • Observed in many place and times using varying methods • Operationalizability • Translated into way of observing the concept • Precision • Clarity of construct
- 12. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ABOUT THE CONCEPT Variations in labels Obscenity, pornography, erotica Roles, functions
- 13. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ABOUT THE CONCEPT Conceptual definitions Dictionary definitions Philosophical roots and definitions Participant definitions
- 14. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ABOUT THE CONCEPT • Avoid circular definitions • E.g., “Transformational Leader” • Leader who transforms organizations. • Cognitive ability • Capability that enables people to learn more effectively in contexts that are “dynamic or complex”
- 15. 3. REVIEW EMPIRICAL DESCRIPTIONS • Examine the properties of past operational definitions • Variations, shape of distributions, connection to conceptual definitions, contexts, units of analysis
- 16. CONCEPT QUESTIONS • What are the different conceptual meanings assigned to this term? • What are the different operational definitions that have been used? • What are the usual names for these operational definitions? Are different names needed to make differences in meaning clear? • What, considering the intended research purpose, seem to be the most promising definitions of the concept?
- 17. 4. DEVELOP A CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION • What are its essential elements? • What lower order (less abstract) dimensions does the general concept subsume? • Would the indicators be expected to correlate? • What are the boundaries of the concept?
- 18. 5. DEVELOP AN OPERATIONAL DEFINITION • How will scholars use this concept to develop measures? • Can it be measured using multiple methods? • What are valid indicators to measure the construct?
- 19. 6. DATA GATHERING • Does the data support the conceptual and operational definitions?
- 20. CONSENSUS WITHIN SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES 1. Consensus regarding names of concepts 2. Consensus regarding the attributes of the concept 3. Consensus regarding the function of concept
Notas del editor
- Last we time we learned that there is formal theory (big theories) and informal theories (smaller theories)… basically the interrelationship among concepts is the definintion of theory We need to train ourselves in handling concepts to achieve clarity in thinking, accuracy in observations, and precision in using words. Constructs are supposed to represent something. They are suspended in a complex web of references, mental image or idea and its real world referents The better the concepts, the better the theory… when developing a concept, you are mapping inquiry for other scholars. As scholars, it is important to learn the language so others members understand how to replicate and build upon your work.
- So your papers are submitted. . Involvement has been shown to be a motivator. It is expected to be overwhelming. Now move forward. Use what you know as lens to continue refine your thinking. And ask questions along the way. Part of these earlier exercises are about refining your lens. Reading research through concepts, variables, and especially what they did not include. Variables and identification of the research problem. And if it is not clear, your job as a reviewer is to identify those gaps
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjoO6Y29f7I&utm_content=bufferc3df0&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer Storytelling and the ability to make sense of information through certain lens takes time, but it is what a good scholar does.
- Research concepts direct our observations and analysis. What do we mean when we want to study patriotism, participation and prejudice. Building blocks of theories. Media use is a construct. Concept is never true or false. Theories are. A concept is only significant when it occurs in relationship together with others. Concepts only have meaning because scientists assign meaning to it. Emphasize again, constructs are lenses through which data are analyzed. Constructs aid in communication and accumulation of knowledge. Agenda setting, public opinion, mass communication
- Explication: the act of making clear the meaning of a word or symbol or expression etc.. There are two parts to the process if a concept has not been fully developed. Concept explication involves more than simply looking up a term in a dictionary or traces to early uses. For research, we need to study the ways other researchers have been using the concept-what they mean by it; how it is represented in their studies. A concept is likely to be rich in meaning. You will be spend a great of time refining concepts.
- Concept explication involves two components: 1) meaning analysis and 2) empirical analysis Findings from past studies are compared with abstract terms of a general theory Continuous refinement and development
- This class focuses on meaning analysis part of concept explication rather than the empirical analysis. Logical procedures used to clearly connect conceptual and operational definitions, but the goal is to link the concept to empirical referents
- What is a Concept? “journalist” “competence” “writing” “clarity” It has five linguistic terms, but it only have 4 concepts. If a person reading this statement misunderstands any of these concepts, the meaning is distorted. It create a tower of babel effect if research can agree on the meaning of a concept and corresponding definitions.
- 4 types of concepts: class concepts are collections of objects that have common attributes.
- Concepts, indicators, dimensions Multidimensional constructs can be formed using concepts Risk taking: Physical risk; social risk; moral risk Identifying a concept is more than assigning a name… it is a logical analysis of what we intend to investigate and explain
- Proper concepts” are needed to formulate a good theory…..We are interested in scientific concepts, and these are Criteria for good concepts Measurement – specified observational procedures Precisions is clarity of construct so that others can replicate the research. Clarity is achieved by precision in definitions….. including its scope. Clarity enhances researcher ability to explore phenomona.
- Precision is important…. Scientific terms should have fixed and precise meanings Disciplined use of words encourages other scholars to employ same terminology
- Look at definitions. “A ‘definition,’ according to Aristotle, “is a phrase signifying a thing’s essence.” The classical approach to concept formation can be traced back to aristotle and the scholastic philolosphers of the middle ages Scientific knowledge is impossible unless there is agreement about the meaning of the concept. Common themes, conceptual definition focuses, in what contexts, etc. The most common trait you will see across manuscripts is that scholars often fail define concepts. But this should be the bare minimum standard.
- Theorist uses elements of the term to define concept . IT creates confusion because it incorporates as part of the definition. Antecedents variables (complex and dynamic context) that are likely causally related to the construct defined.
- Ambiguities become clear when you operationalize the definition “based on the conceptual definition.”
- Chaffee
- Usually abstract concepts have multiple indicators especially in survey research. Indicators are the real-world observations. Often factor analysis is used to create measures constructs
- The concept of consensus is very important part of theory…. We as a scientific work in conjunction with each other toward a goal of knowledge. Chair A chair has four legs A chair is something you sit on … rather than using it for a dinner tabe