Wildlife management aims to maintain desirable wildlife populations and involves understanding population trends, influencing factors, species interactions, and landscape impacts. It addresses the balance between wildlife and human activities. Approaches include modifying animal behavior, human behavior, and interactions through barriers, zoning, and reserves. Depletion results from habitat loss, pollution, and absence of shelter. Conservation approaches encompass protection by law, sanctuaries, research, education, and international agreements like CITES that regulate trade. The goal is sustainable wildlife populations and balancing human and wildlife coexistence.
3. 1) What is Wildlife ?
2) What is Wildlife Management ?
3) Why Wildlife Management ?
4) Approaches of Wildlife management from Geographical perspective.
5) Principles of Wildlife Management.
6) Humans and Wildlife in Perspective.
7) Managing Human Wildlife Conflict.
8) Types of Wildlife management or Conservation ?
9) Negative Factors that have Caused Fearful Depletion of Wildlife ?
10) Types of Species.
11) Modes of Wildlife management.
12) International Agencies.
4. What is Wildlife?
Wildlife includes any animal, insect, aquatic, or land
vegetation that forms a part of any habitat.
This includes all varieties of flora and fauna, what is
popularly known as biological diversity.
Wildlife means the native animals of a region
5. What is Wildlife Management ?
Wildlife management is a general term for the process of keeping wild
species at desirable levels which are determined by the wildlife
managers.
Wildlife management is the art and science of reaching goals by
manipulating and/or maintaining wildlife habitats and populations.
This process involves many components, including the following:
• Your own knowledge and understanding of wildlife population
trends;
• Factors that influence wildlife populations;
• The interaction of wildlife species;
• The impact of humans; and
• How surrounding landscape affects wildlife.
6. WHY WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
1) The wild life helps us in maintaining balance of nature.
2) It can increase our foreign exchange if linked with tourism.
3) The preservation of wild life helps to make their study easy.
4)
4) The wild life is our cultural asset and had deep rooted effect on art, sculpture
and religion.
5) To preserve the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth and
breeding.
6) To ensure the sustainable development- using the finite resources in a
judicious manner.
7. APPROACHES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT FROM
GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE
•GIS techniques and human dimensions approaches have become
integral tools to manage wildlife ecotourism and human-wildlife
interactions, as well as develop conservation programs for species-
at-risk.
•This special session will provide an opportunity for both natural
and social science wildlife geographers to present recent research
and discuss interdisciplinary approaches to wildlife management.
• The session will include paper presentations as well as a poster
session in which participants will be encouraged to discuss the
material presented. Presentations addressing any aspect of wildlife
management, from natural to social science, are welcome.
8. PRINCIPLES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
First concept: The four basic principles of wildlife management
1)Food for Wildlife
2) Water for Wild
3) Cover
Cover is a habitat requirement that prevents waste of energy.
4) Space
Home range is the area used by an animal for all its activities.
Second concept: Limiting factor
This is the habitat requirement that is in shortest supply. The limiting factor
prevents the wildlife population from growing Food, water, and cover can usually
be increased Space usually cannot be increased
9. Third concept: Carrying capacity
This is the number of a given species that a habitat can sustain.
Fourth concept: Succession
Succession is the replacement of one biological community with another.
Fifth concept: Fragmented landscapes
Two considerations:
Edges
Habitat edges or acetones are the transition zones between two or more plant
communities
Corridors
Habitat connecting other isolated patches of habitat
Provides for movement of organisms
Larger corridors provide habitat for more species
Sixth concept: Arrangement
Arrangement is providing food, cover, and water in close proximity to one another
10. HUMANS AND WILDLIFE IN PERSPECTIVE
Humans and wildlife interacted throughout history
1) exploited wild animals for food
2) exploited animals for sport and culture
3) we have modified landscapes
4) we have moved species around the world
Types of interactions
Positive: Agriculture and food production, aesthetics
Negative: Wild animals eat our livestock, damage our crops, compete
for prey, maybe even kill or injure us
11. MANAGING HUMAN AND WILDLIFE CONFLICT
• Modifying animal behavior
– E.g., sterilize, relocate, non-lethal deterrence (aversive stimuli),
diversion (e.g., elk feeding areas)
• Modifying human behavior
– e.g., improve livestock husbandry
• Avoiding intersection of human and carnivore activities
– Barriers and exclusion (fences, trenches, walls)
– Zoning schemes
12. TYPES OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
In Situ Conservation
Conservation of species in their natural habitat,
e.g. National Parks, Natural Reserves
Ex Situ Conservation
Conserving species in isolation of their natural habitat
e.g. Zoos, Botanical Gardens, Seed Banks
13. REASONS FOR DEPLETION OF WILDLIFE
1. Absence of shelter to wild animals.
2. Deforestation
3. Destruction of wild plants which affects the survival of wild life
4. Pollution
5. Absence of shelter to wild animals.
14. ENDANGERED SPECIES
These are the species, which are in danger of extinction and which
may not survive if the adverse factors continue to rotate .
VULNERABLE SPECIES
The species likely to move into the endangered category in the near future
if the causal adverse factors continue to operate.
RARE SPECIES .
These are the species with small population in the world and are at
risk
TYPES OF SPECIES ACCORDING TO THEIR EXISTANCSE
THREATENED SPECIES .
These are Species, which are in any one of the These are Species, which are in
any one of the Endangered, Vulnerable, categories
15. THREATENED REPTILES, BIRDS AND
MAMMALSOF INDIA
1) Amphibians and Reptiles
Salamander, Marsh Crocodile, Estuarine Crocodile, Gharial
2) Birds
The great Indian Bustard, The White Wing Wood Duck
3) Mammals
Capped Langur, Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Golden Cat,
Fishing Cat, Sloth Bear, Desert Cat
16. MODES OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
MODES OF WILD LIFE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT
1) Protection by law .
2) Establishment of Sanctuaries and National park .
3) Natural habitats of wild life should be carefully protected
4)Shooting and hunting of endangered species should
be totally banned
5) Research on wildlife should be encouraged.
6) Public should be educated
17. • CITES :
(The Convention in International
Trade in Endangered Species)
• Set up in 1988 to control and
encourage the sustainable
exploitation of species
• The CITES conferences determine the
status of a species and whether or
not its exploitation requires
regulation
• Species are placed into different
appendices depending on their status CITES
INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES
18. WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature formerly
World Wildlife Fund)
• Set up in 1961 as a non-
governmental organisation
• Raises funds for conservation
• Lobbies parliaments for
conservation
• Runs education programmes
• Provides advice to government
conservation agencies
• Raises awareness on
conservation issues WWF
