Undesirable changes occurring in water which may harmfully affect the life activities of man and domesticated species. An alternation in physical, chemical, biological characteristics of water making unsuitable for use.

1. “Water pollution &
Air pollution”
Dr. K. Ramesh Kumar
Assistant Professor
PG & Research Dept. of Zoology
Vivekananda College
Tiruvedakam- West

4. What is Water Pollution?

11. Control measures…

14. What is air pollution?

15. Air pollution
 Air pollution is the contamination
of air by the discharge of harmful
substances.
 Air pollution refers to the
undesirable change occurring in air
causing harmful effects on man and
domesticated species.

16. TYPES OF AIR POLLUTION.
>INDOOR AIR POLLUTION
>OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION

17. Indoor Pollutions
There are many sources of indoor air
pollution.
• Tobacco smoke
• cooking
• heating appliances
• vapors from building materials, paints,
furniture
• other materials within the home that
emit unhealthy chemicals

18. Outdoor Pollutions
• automobile exhaust
• industrial emissions
Natural Pollution
• Wildfires
• Windblown dust
• Volcanic eruptions
• Burning of fossil fuels (Chemistry
Book)

19. PRIMARY AIR POLLUTANTS.
SECONDARY AIR POLLUTANTS.

20. Primary Pollutants:
Harmful chemical that directly enters the air as a result of human
activity. These are deforestisation burning of fossil fuel
industrialization warfare etc.
A.HYDROCARBON.
B.CHROMIUM.
C.LEAD.
D.CARBONMONOXIDE.
E.SULPHUR DIOXIDE.

21. Secondary pollutants :
These result from chemical reactions
between two or more air components.
. A.OZONE.
B.SULPHURIC ACID.
Formation of secondary pollutants
2SO2+O2 2SO3
2SO3+H2O H2SO4 (Secondary pollutant)

22. Constituent Symbol Average concentration Source Volume
Nitrogen N2 780900 Biotic 7.809× 101
Oxygen O2 209400 Biotic 2-094× 101
Argon Ar 9300 Radioactive 9.3× 10-1
Carbon dioxide CO2 318318 Biotic & industrial 3.18× 10-2
Neon Ne 18 Internal
helium He 5.2 Radioactive 5.2× 10-4
Methane CH4 1.3 Biotic 1.3× 10-4
Krypton Kr 1.0 Internal 1.0× 10-5
Hydrogen H2 0.5 Biotic & photochemical 5.0× 10-5
Water H2O 0.25 Physical 2.5× 10-5
Carbon monoxide CO 0.1 Photochemical & industrial 1.0× 10-5
Ozone O3 0.02 Photochemical 2.0× 10-6
Ammonia NH3 0-01 Photochemical 1.0× 10-6
Nitrogen dioxide NO2 0.001 Biotic & industrial 1.0× 10-7
Sulpher dioxide SO2 0.002 Photochemical 2.0× 10-8

23. Primary Pollutants Secondary Pollutants
Factory
Volcano
NO2,SO3,HNO3,
H2SO4,H2O2,O3,
PANs,MostNO3
-- & SO4
-2
CO,CO2,NO,Most
Hydrocarbons,
Most SPM
Solar radiation

25.  AGRICULTURE.
DUST.
FREONS.
AEROSOLS.

26. Source Pollution
Transportation 42%
Fuel 21%
Industries 14%
Solid waste
disposal
05%
Other 18%

27. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
• Green house effect: Increasing global temperature. Scientists
predicting that earth's temperature will increase by 3-40C by
year 2030 if the pollution continues to increase at the same
pace.
• Ozone depletion: As ozone layer in the upper atmosphere
absorbs incoming harmful ultraviolet radiation but it is now
getting thinner & more UVs are reaching in to earth creating
different disease like cancer& eye problems.
• Photochemical smog: In 1952 London was covered by smog for
10 days .This smog was caused by fog, smoke, ash,& SO2 plus
NO2.Sunlight played a great role in the formation of this smog
.Though deaths occurring at that time were not directly
attributed to the smog later statistics confirmed that 6,000
more people.
Acid rain: is caused by oxides of nitrogen & sulphur.It increases
acidity of soil & effects the growth of trees & plants. The
majestic monument Taj Mahal in India is also affecting by this.

28. A
Methane
Carbon
Dioxide
Nitrous oxide
Ozone
EarthEarth
Carbon
Dioxide
50%
Methane 18%
Chlorofluoroc
arbons
14%
Ozone 12%
Nitrous oxide 06%
Green house gases in natural
condition insulates the earth against
extreme of temperature by limiting
both incoming solar radiation &
escape of reradiated heat in to
space.
This natural balance may be
distorted by Green House
Effect as gases such as
carbon dioxide have built up
in the atmosphere trapping
more heat
sun
Infra-red
radiation
Atmosphere
Surface
Temperature
normal
Some reradiated
heat reflected
back to earth
Atmosphere
sun
Surface
Temperature
increases
More reradiated
heat reflected
back to earth
Less reradiated
heat escapes in
to space
Some reradiated
heat escapes in
to space
sun
Contribution of different gases
to cause green house effect

29. H2O
Water
NO2
Nitrogen
dioxide
Hydrocarbons
O2
Molecular
Oxygen
HNO3
Nitric Acid
PANs
Peroxyacyl
nitrates
Aldyhydes
(e.g. Formaldehyde)
O3
Ozone
O
Atomic Oxygen
NO
Nitric Oxide
Ultraviolet
Radiation
Photochemical Smog

30. Ultraviolet rays
from Sun
The Ozone layer in
stratosphere
blocks these
harmful UV rays
Chlorofluorocarbons
are entering in to
atmosphere releasing
chlorine. The chlorine
than break down the
ozone
The chlorine released from CFCs break
down the ozone molecule.
chlorine
ozone
More ultraviolet radiations are reaching in to earths
surface as there is a whole in ozone layer.
Oxygen
Whole in
Ozone layer

31. Acid Rain
SO2 &
NOX
+water
SEASea
LakeFactories,
Transportation
Solar
Radiation
H2SO4 (Sulphuric Acid)
HNO3 (Nitric Acid)

33. Asthma and Air Pollution

34. Electrostatic precipitation can reduce smoke.
Certain gases can removed by filtration or absorption.
Chemically inert by chemical conversion
Reducing the use of motorvehicles.
Using public transport.
Reducing the use of refrigerators.
Close the refrigerators after use.
Reducing the use of coal.
Cheap devices for controlling air pollution should be developed.
Co operation between people and government org,non gov org.
Plant more trees.