Intro to .NET and Core C#
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This document provides an introduction to .NET and Core C# programming. It discusses the .NET Framework, Common Language Infrastructure (CLI), Common Type System (CTS), Common Language Specification (CLS), and Common Intermediate Language (CIL). It also covers Mono, building and running C# applications on different platforms, and using various IDEs like Visual Studio.
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Intro to .NET and Core C#
- 1. Intro to .NET and Core C# Jussi Pohjolainen
- 2. .NET Framework • So=ware framework developed by MS – Runs primarily on windows • Benefits – Support for numerous programming languages – Language integra2on • You can mix different languages – Comprehensive base class library – Apps runs on top of virtual machine • Support for other operaIng systems (in theory) – Great tools: Visual Studio
- 4. Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)
- 5. CLI • CLI is an open specificaIon that describes executable code and runIme environment • CLI is core of – Microso= .NET Framework – Mono (Open Source) – Portable.net (Open Source)
- 6. CTS, CLS, CIL • Common Type System (CTS) – A set of data types and operaIons that are share by all CTS-‐compliant programming languages, such as C# and VB • Common Language SpecificaIon (CLS) – Set of base rules to which any language targeIng the CLI should conform. • Common Intermediate Language (CIL) – Intermediate language that is abstracted from the plaTorm hardware (In Java: class)
- 7. Mono:OSX » C# File
- 10. Developer Command Prompt for VS2012
- 11. Common Language RunIme: Mac Dropbox – folder
- 12. Common Language RunIme: Win And run the .exe in Windows!
- 13. Compiling Several Files in C# C:CodeSample> csc /main:A /out:example.exe A.cs B.cs C:CodeSample> example.exe Hello World from class A C:CodeSample> csc /main:B /out:example.exe A.cs B.cs C:CodeSample> example.exe Hello World from class B
- 14. Open Source DistribuIons • h_p://www.mono-‐project.com • h_p://www.gnu.org/so=ware/dotgnu/ pnet.html
- 15. IDEs • You can compile and run apps in commandline – Several good text editors: notepad++, sublime text, emacs • SharpDevelop – Open source IDE for .NET • MS Visual Studio Express – Object browsing tools, GUI ediIng, Intellisense
- 16. Visual Studio
- 17. C# • C# is very similar to Java – C#, Java, ObjecIve-‐C and C++ are a member of C family of programming languages • C# provides more syntax than Java, although Java 7 (and upcoming 8) is “catching up” • In this course, we focus on C# (instead of other CIL complient languages)
- 18. About Namespaces • Libraries give you exisIng code to use • In .NET: namespaces – Using System.CollecIons; – Using System.IO; – Using System.XML; • System is not the root, you may find namespaces like Microso= that provides services unique to Windows (can’t run on other systems) • Namespaces are linked to files, assemblies. One assembly (mscorlib.dll) can contain number of namespaces.
- 20. Adding a Assembly in VS • When wriIng – Using System.Windows.Forms; • This uses a assembly System.Windows.Forms.dll • You must add this as a reference in your project! • How? – In VS: SoluIon Explorer > References > Add Reference
- 21. C# using System; class MyApp { public static void Main() { Calculator c = new Calculator(); Console.Write(c.calculate(5,5)); } } class Calculator { public int calculate(int a, int b) { return a + b; } }
- 22. Ildasm.exe: examine the CIL
- 23. About Windows 8 • Visual Studio 2012 provides templates for Win 8 app development • EnIrely new runIme: Windows Run2me (WinRT) • New namespaces, starIng with Windows • App development very similar to building a .NET app: can be constructed using C#, visual basic, JS or C++ • Heavy usage of XML-‐based grammar XAML
- 24. .NET Role under Win8 • In addiIon of using Windows.* namespaces you can use large subset of .NET plaAorm • We are not focusing on this, but exclusively on .NET
- 26. Visual Studio Tips • Refer to external assemblies? – VIEW > SoluIon Explorer • UIliIty for invesIgaIng assemblies – VIEW > Object Browser UIlity • Project properIes? – VIEW > SoluIon Explorer > ProperIes • Class Tree View? – VIEW > Class View
- 27. Code Refactoring and Snippets • Right click on code and choose refactor – Extract method – Encapsulate Field – Extract Interface – … • When wriIng code, VS make suggesIons. When finding the right one, press tab twice. – Press esc to exit
- 28. DocumentaIon • .NET Framework 4.5 documentaIon available online: – h_p://msdn.microso=.com/library – Use the tree hierarchy leE to navigate
- 29. Almost the Same but Not Quite C#
- 30. Keywords • Single rooted class hierarchy: all objects inheritate System.Object • Almost every keyword in Java can be found from C# – super -> base – instanceof -> is – import -> using – extends / implements -> : • Otherwise, pre_y much the same
- 31. Memory Handling and RunIme • Memory Handling – Most objects in C# to heap using new – CLR handles garbage collecIons • RunIme – C# is compiled to intermediate langage (IL) – IL runs on top of CLR – IL code is always naIvely compiled before running
- 32. using System; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Hello"); Console.ReadLine(); } }
- 33. using System; class Program { static int Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Hello"); Console.ReadLine(); return -1; } }
- 34. using System; class Program { static int Main() { Console.WriteLine("Hello"); Console.ReadLine(); } }
- 35. System.Console • WriteLine(), ReadLine() • Beep() • BackgroundColor • ForegroundColor • Title • WindowHeight / Width / Top / Le= • Clear
- 36. Formatng Console Output • Supports prinT() statement of C. – Console.WriteLine(“Hello {0}! You are {1} years old”, userName, userAge); • Can use formatng – // 000099999 – Console.WriteLine(“{0:d9}”, 99999); – c, format currency – d, format decimal numbers – f, format fixed point • Can be used also in Strings: – string message = string.Format(“{0:d9}”, 99999);
- 37. Data Types • Datatypes are “snippets” for full blown types in namespaces! • bool => System.Boolean • byte => System.Byte • short, int, long, char, float, double, decimal (128 bit), string, Object • So this works! – Console.Write(12.toString());
- 38. Members of Datatypes • int.MaxValue • int.MinValue • double.maxValue • double.minValue • char.isDigit(myChar) • char.isLe_er(myChar) • bool b = bool.Parse(“true”); • double d = double.Parse(“99.9”);
- 39. String • Length • Compare() • Equals() • Format() • Insert() • Remove() • Replace() • Trim()…
- 40. VerbaIm Strings String longstring = @”this is a very long string as you can see”; Console.WriteLine(longstring);
- 41. Comparing • Usually we compare memory addresses – object1 == object2 • When using strings, this is not the case. You can compare strings like this (unlike in Java) – string1 == string2
- 42. Immutable • Strings are immutable! Once assigned it cannot be changed.. – String newString = original.toUpper(); • Even in here – string s1 = “a”; – s1 = “b”; • A new string is created! • When use of heavy textual data, don’t use strings. Use StringBuilder.
- 43. Implicitly typed variables • Usually we do this – int a = 5; – bool b = true; • But we can do also – var a = 5; – var b = true; • Why? Think of this: – var c = SomeMethod();
- 44. C# For each string [] array = {“a”, “b”, “c”}; foreach(string c in array) { Console.WriteLine(c); }