Electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, compressed air vehicles, and improving conventional vehicles are described as environment friendly automobiles. Electric vehicles are powered directly from an external power source, stored electricity from an external source, or an onboard generator. Hybrid vehicles combine an internal combustion engine with electric motors. Compressed air vehicles use compressed air to power their engines instead of gasoline. Improving conventional vehicles involves using renewable fuels like biodiesel, compressed natural gas, ethanol or improving fuel efficiency. Environment friendly vehicles help reduce pollution and protect the environment.

1. ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY
AUTOMOBILES
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2. MEMBERS
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Nikita
Piyush
Plash
Pooja
Prabhjot
B120010261
B120010286
B120010291
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3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Particulars
Introduction
Types
Electric vehicle
Hybrid vehicle
Compressed air vehicle
Improving conventional vehicle
Comparison
Advantages
Disadvantages
India’s contribution
Conclusion
References
Page no.
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05
06
11
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27
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4. Introduction
• Environment friendly automobiles are those that
produces less harmful impacts to the environment
rather than comparable vehicles running on gasoline
or diesel.
• This can be powered by alternative fuels and
advanced vehicle technologies.
• Green vehicles include vehicles types that function
fully or partly on alternative energy sources other
than fossil fuel or less carbon intensive than diesel.
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5. TYPES
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Electric vehicle
Hybrid vehicle
Compressed air vehicle
Improving conventional vehicle
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6. ELECTRIC VEHICLE
An electric vehicle (EV), also referred to as an electric
drive vehicle, uses one or more electric motors or for
propulsion. These type of vehicles came into existence
in the mid–19th century. Three main types of electric
vehicles exist
• Directly powered from an external power station
• Powered by stored electricity originally from an
external power source
• Powered by an on-board electrical generator.
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7. EV-Directly powered from an external power station
Direct connection to generation plants as is common
among electric trains, trolley buses, and trolley trucks
Shatabdi Express
Connector between the generator
source and the vehicle.
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8. EV- Powered by stored electricity
These systems are powered from an external generator
plant (nearly always when stationary), and then
disconnected before motion occurs, and the electricity is
stored in the battery of the vehicle until needed.
On an energy basis, the price
of electricity to run an EV is a
small fraction of the cost of
liquid fuel needed to produce
an equivalent amount of
energy (energy efficiency).
A three wheeler to be introduced in Delhi

9. EV- Powered by on-board generator
They are powered by regenerative fuels such as solar
energy using solar cells or rechargeable energy storage
system(RESS) which store energy for delivery of power
and is also rechargeable.
The Tokai Challenger covered the 2998 km with an average speed of 100.54 km/h.
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10. TYPES
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Electric vehicle
Hybrid vehicle
Compressed air vehicle
Improving conventional vehicle
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11. HYBRID VEHICLE
A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct
power sources to move the vehicle. The term most
commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which
combine an internal combustion engine and one or more
electric motors.
Engine type :
• Hybrid electric-petroleum vehicles
• Continuously outboard recharged electric vehicle
(COREV)
• Hybrid fuel (dual mode)
• Fluid power hybrid
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• Electric-human power hybrid vehicle

12. HV - Hybrid Electric-Petroleum vehicles
A petroleum-electric hybrid most commonly uses internal
combustion engines (generally gasoline or Diesel engines,
powered by a variety of fuels) and electric batteries to
power the vehicle.
These encompass such vehicles as the Toyota Prius, Ford
Escape Hybrid, Honda Insight, Honda Civic Hybrid and
others.
Ford escape hybrid
Toyota Prius
Honda Insight
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13. HV - COREV
Continuously outboard recharged electric vehicles (COREV)
can be recharged while the user drives. The COREV
establishes contact with an electrified rail, plate or
overhead wires on the highway via an attached conducting
wheel or other similar mechanism . The COREV's batteries
are recharged by this process—on the highway—and can
then be used normally on other roads until the battery is
discharged.
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14. HV - Hybrid fuel (dual mode)
In addition to vehicles that use two or more different
devices for propulsion, some also consider vehicles that
use distinct energy sources or fuels, using the same engine
to be hybrids, these are perhaps more correctly described
as dual mode vehicles:
• Flexible-fuel vehicles can use a mixture of input fuels
mixed in one tank — typically gasoline and ethanol
• Some vehicles have been modified to use another fuel
source if it is available, such as cars modified to run on
autogas (LPG) and diesels.
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15. HV - Fluid power hybrid
Hydraulic and pneumatic hybrid vehicles use an engine to
charge a pressure accumulator to drive the wheels via
hydraulic or pneumatic (i.e. compressed air) drive units. In
most cases the engine is detached from the drivetrain
merely only to change the energy accumulator.
There are 2 types of hybrids available:
• Petro-air hybrid
• Petro-hydraulic hybrid
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16. HV - Electric-human power hybrid
• A human-electric hybrid vehicle is a hybrid vehicle,
whose drivetrain consists of a human being and an
electric motor(and one or more electricity-storage
device(s) such as a batteries).
• It can have characteristics of a bicycle or other
lightweight human operated vehicles with the
addition of faster acceleration and regenerative
braking, allowing a higher average velocity, especially
in hilly terrain.
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17. TYPES
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Electric vehicle
Hybrid vehicle
Compressed air vehicle
Improving conventional vehicle
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18. COMPRESSED AIR VEHICLE
• A compressed-air vehicle (CAV) is powered by an air
engine, using compressed air, which is stored in a
tank.
• Instead of mixing fuel with air and burning it in the
engine to drive pistons with hot expanding gases,
compressed-air vehicles use the expansion of
compressed air to drive their pistons.
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19. LIQUID-NITROGEN VEHICLE
• A liquid nitrogen vehicle is powered by liquid
nitrogen, which is stored in a tank.
• Traditional nitrogen engine designs work by heating
the liquid nitrogen in a heat exchanger, extracting
heat from the ambient air and using the resulting
pressurized gas to operate a piston or rotary engine.
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20. HYDOGEN VEHICLE
• A hydrogen vehicle uses hydrogen as its fuel for
motive power.
• Chemical energy
of hydrogen is
converted into
mechanical energy
in these type of
vehicles.
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21. TYPES
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Electric vehicle
Hybrid vehicle
Compressed air vehicle
Improving conventional vehicle
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22. IMPROVING CONVENTIONAL
VEHICLE(ICV)
A conventional vehicle can become a greener vehicle by
mixing in renewable fuels or using less carbon
intensive fossil fuels.
Biodiesel is the lowest emission fuel available for diesel
engines. Diesel engines are the most efficient car
internal combustion engines.
Types of fuel used are:
• Biofuel
• Compressed natural gas(CNG)
• Ultra low sulphur diesel
• Ethanol
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23. ICV-Biofuel
• A biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy is derived
from biological carbon fixation. Biofuels include fuels
derived from biomass conversion, as well as solid
biomass, liquid fuels and various biogases.
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24. ICV-Compressed natural gas
• CNG is a fossil fuel substitute for petrol, diesel fuel,
or LPG. CNG may also be mixed with biogas,
produced from landfills or wastewater, which
doesn't increase the concentration of carbon in the
atmosphere.
• CNG is made by compressing natural gas (methane),
to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard
atmospheric pressure. It is stored in hard containers
at a pressure of 200–248 bar.
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25. ICV-Ultra low sulphur diesel
• Ultra-low-sulphur diesel (ULSD) is diesel fuel with
substantially lowered sulphur content.
• ULSD has a lower energy content due to the heavy
processing
required to
remove large
amounts of
sulphur from oil.
Volkswagen Jetta TDI
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26. ICV-Ethanol
• Ethanol, or ethyl alcohol C2H5OH is the same alcohol
found in alcoholic beverages.
• It is most often used as a motor fuel, mainly as a
biofuel additive for gasoline.
• Most ethanol used for fuel is being blended into
gasoline at concentrations of 5 to 10 percent.
• Produced renewably from agricultural crops or from
recycled wastes and residues.
• Ethanol is a renewable energy source because the
energy is generated in the presence of sunlight,
which cannot be depleted.
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27. Electric
Vehicle
Hybrid
Vehicle
Fuel Cell
LPG/CNG
Petrol
Diesel
Air Pollution Zero
Medium
Zero
Medium
Medium
High
Low
Medium
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
Excellent
Poor
Poor
Poor
Excellent
Good
Medium
Poor
Good
Good
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Noise
Pollution
Infrastructur Good
e
Availability
Safety
Good
Low
Vehicle
Degradation
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28. ADVANTAGES
• When we are driving an eco friendly vehicle , we are
reducing the amount of emissions and pollution in the
environment individually.
• They are also helping to protect the ozone level which
protects all living things including human beings ,
animals and plants on the earth from the harmful
ultraviolet rays that come from the sun.
• The different gases that are emitted are unseen and can
get into our body without anyone knowing it which can
cause a multitude of health problems. By driving an eco
friendly car, we can help to eliminate many of these
health problems.
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29. DISADVANTAGES
• Eco friendly automobiles are not great on the
highways as they tend to have less power and slower
acceleration.
• An issue for such automobiles is that sometimes they
become much expensive to maintain as they are
more complicated than internal combustion engines.
• Some people think that these cars are not as safe as
the vehicles running on gasoline or diesel.
• Mechanics also have less experience with these
vehicles.
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30. INDIA’S CONTRIBUTION
An Indian company, Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles
Private Limited, formerly known as the Reva Electric Car
Company, based in Banglore founded in 1994 is
involved in designing and manufacturing of electric
vehicles.
Future green vehicles to be manufactured in India are:
• Reva
• Tata Indica Vista Electric
• Hybrid Maruti Swift
• Mahindra Scorpio Hybrid
• Toyota Prius Hybrid
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31. CONCLUSION
• The study establishes the knowledge of
ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AUTOMOBILES.
• Over the last few years eco friendly cars have become
very popular as they are economical and pollution
less.
• Pollution has always been a problem in INDIA , so
these automobiles can help the cause.
• Something should be done so that more of these
vehicles come on roads.
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32. REFERENCES
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www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/greenvehicle
www.endingtheviolence/info
www.ehow.com/facts
www.fueleconomy.gov/biodiesel
www.greenriverheart.net
www.consumerenergycenter.org/transportation/eth
anol
• www.getupforchange.org/rti
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