A collection of photos of native Americans relocated to Franklin County between 1830 and 1860.

1. Emigrant Tribes

2. By the 1830s, the world of the
native Kanza and Osage tribes
changed.
Their land was no longer their
own. Native groups all around
the East and Midwest had been
defeated and pushed from their
land by incoming European
settlers. The question was what
to do with these eastern
Indians.
An idea was to create a
Permanent Indian Frontier in
what is now eastern Kansas
and Oklahoma. It was hoped
that Indians located here would
be undisturbed by white
settlers and the alcohol trade.
But that didn’t happen.

3. Large and small bands of Indians from
the Great Lakes to Florida were
removed to this Indian Territory. The
Cherokees called their brutal removal
journey “The Trail of Tears” and the
Pottawatomies called theirs “The Trail
of Death.”

4. Several native groups were relocated
to the area now known as Franklin
County: Ottawas, Chippewas,
Munsees, Sac and Fox,
Pottawatomies, Shawnees, Peorias,
Piankeshaws, Kaskaskias and Weas.

5. The Chippewas
of Black River and Swan Creek
(Michigan)
Ash-E-Taa-Na-Quet or Clear Sky
(Francis McCoonse)

6. Ka-pah-us-ke,
(Robert McCoonse)
Grandson of the
Old Chippewa Chief
In his youth, he
was sent to
school in
Nazareth, PA by
the Moravian
missionaries.
He’s wearing his
uniform above.

7. Mary Alice McCoonse,
Chippewa, right, dressed to
go to school at Haskell
Institute in Lawrence, KS.
Her little sister, Matilda
Maria, is left.

8. The Sac and Fox
of the Mississippi

9. Sac Chief Keokuk, or the Watchful Fox

10. Keokuk’s son,
Wa-som-e-saw
called the
Reverend Moses
Keokuk in later
life.
Sac and Fox

11. Op-po-noos or Appanoose or
Appan-oze-o-ke-mar
(The Hereditary Chief, or He Who
Was a Chief When a Child)

12. Appanoose
Sac and Fox
Right is a print
of a painting of
Appanoose
made by
George Bird
King

13. Two
unidentified Sac
and Fox men
photographed
by A.W. Barker.

14. Two examples of Sac and Fox bark
houses—one in Franklin County and
one in Oklahoma.

15. The Munsees
William Henry Kilbuck

16. Munsee John Henry Kilbuck, Moravian
missionary to Alaska

17. In 1900, the Chippewas and Munsees
were given their land individually, and
the tribes were dissolved.
The two groups posed for a final
photograph.

18. The Illinois and Wabash Bands
The Peoria, Kaskaskia,
Piankeshaw and Wea
Chief Baptiste Peoria

19. The Ottawas
of Blanchard’s Fork,
Roche de Boeuf,
and Ocquanoxcey’s Village

20. Ottawa Chief Pah-Tee (John Wilson)
1813-April 9, 1870
Died on the journey to Oklahoma at
Osage Mission

21. Che-quah, Ottawa
Medicine Woman
(Aunt Jane Phelps)
1766-1886

22. Ottawa Chief Ko-twah-wun
(Joseph Badger King)
1822-1915

23. Na-qua ke-zhick--Noonday
(William Hurr), trustee of Ottawa
University, translator for Sac & Fox

24. The route of the Ottawa from
the Great Lakes through Ohio to
Kansas and then Oklahoma

25. By 1900, all the Nations had been
relocated to Oklahoma except the
Munsees and Chippewas, whose tribal
organizations were terminated.