The document discusses formative versus summative assessment. It notes that formative assessment, which is assessment for learning used by teachers to adjust instruction or by students to adjust learning, has been shown in research to increase both achievement and motivation when used well. Specifically, the use of formative assessment can increase achievement by as much as 0.4 to 0.7 standard deviations, equivalent to moving a student from the 50th to the 65th or 75th percentile. The document then provides some examples of tools that can be used for formative assessment, as well as for getting student input.