Turbidity measurement
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Turbidity measurement
- 1. TURBIDITY MEASUREMENT BY – PRAFUL HANMANTE
- 2. CONTENTS • Basics about turbidity • Measurement units • measurement techniques • Calibration • Application
- 3. TURBIDITY • Turbidity is the amount of cloudiness in the water. • It is indicator of water quality.
- 5. INFERENCES • Particle size • Bubbles • Stray light • Absorbing particles • Contamination
- 6. CLASSIFICATION OF DEVICES 3 Factors affecting design of device • Light source • Detection angle • Number of detector
- 7. LIGHT SOURCE 3 most commonly used light sources • Incandescent • LED • Laser based
- 8. LIGHT SOURCES Source Wavelength Application Incandescent light 400-600nm Shorter wavelength for short particles LED 830-890 nm Not effected by color in sample LASER 660nm Sensitive to smaller changes, Most effective for filtration
- 9. DETECTION ANGLES 90 degree Most commonly used, 180 degree High turbidity application Backscatter detection angle High turbidity application Multiple detection angle Colour compensation Dual light source detector Correction for color absorption and optics fouling
- 12. SIGNAL ON 180 DEGREES DETECTOR What are we measuring ? Robert Lagrange Slide Concentration Intensity
- 13. SIGNAL ON 90 DEGREES DETECTOR What are we measuring ? Robert Lagrange Slide Concentration Intensity
- 14. CALIBRATION Two point calibration -Zero point calibration- distilled water -Spanning the instrument Primary standard –formazin
- 15. COMPARISON
- 16. SURFACE SCATTER
- 18. GENERAL GUIDELINES • Drinking water should have a turbidity of 5 NTU/JTU or less. • • Where water is chlorinated, turbidity should be less than 5 NTU/JTU and preferably less than 1 NTU/JTU for chlorination to be effective.
Notas del editor
- What about turbidity in other liquids . Measuring the turbidity of the water before and after each part of the system can tell the operator where maintenance or cleaning is needed. This produces a suspension with a turbidity value of 4000 NTU/FAU/FTU/FNU.
- A lamp of this type has a wide spectral output and is rugged, inexpensive and dependable. LEDs emit light in a narrow band compared to an incandescent source Tungsten light sources are more sensitive to small particles but sample color typically interferes; instruments with an 860 nm output are not as sensitive to small particles but are not likely to have color interference. Generally, for a given detector, when the incident light source is shorter in wavelength, the instrument is more sensitive to smaller particles. Conversely, when the light source is longer in wavelength, the instrument is more sensitive to relatively larger particles.
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