Global Warming Environment Science Pollutants

1. Prashant Mehta
Assistant Professor, National Law
University, Jodhpur

2. INTRODUCTION
 One of the major environmental issues haunting people is Global Warming.
 Our planet is getting warmer and it is one of the most dangerous situations, that the
earth has to suffer in the coming years
 It's very important to consider this problem, because it is the problem of human
existence.
 Global warming is a phrase that is used to describe the increase in the earth ´s
temperature and this rise in temperature is attributed to an increase in greenhouse
gases ( Water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, and methane)
 Levels of these greenhouse gases have increased substantially over the last century.
 A huge amount of carbon dioxide is spreading day by day in our environment.

3. EARTH’S ATMOSPHERIC GASES
Nitrogen (N2)
Oxygen (O2)
Water Vapour (H2O)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Non-
Greenhouse
Gases > 99%
Greenhouse
Gases < 1%
Argon (Ar)

4. WHAT IS GREENHOUSE EFFECT?
Green House effect is a naturally
occurring phenomenon that is
responsible for heating of Earth’s
Surface and the atmosphere.
Greenhouse gases reflect radiation
from the Earth and stop it from
being lost into space. This causes
the Earth's temperature to be
higher than its normal
temperature.
The primary greenhouse gases
include:
Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrogen
oxides, Ozone, and Fluorinated
gases

5. REPORT BY FOURTH ASSESSMENT- IPCC
GAS PRE INDUSTRIAL
LEVEL
CURRENT LEVEL INCREASE
SINCE 1750
CARBONDIOXIDE 280PPM 396 PPM 116PPM
METHANE 700 PPB 1745 PPB 1045PPB
NITROUS OXIDE 270 PPB 314 PPB 44PPB
CFC 0 533 PPT 533PPT
Nitrous oxide absorbs 270 times more heat per molecule than carbon dioxide
Methane absorbs 21 times more heat per molecule than carbon dioxide.

6. GREENHOUSE
This looks like a small glass house and
is used for growing plants especially
in winter season. In a greenhouse the
glass panel lets the light in but does
not allow heat to escape. Therefore
the green house warms up.

8. WHERE GREEN HOUSE GASES COME FROM
• Carbon Dioxide: from Fossil fuel Combustion: (82%) Carbon Dioxide
emitted from Cars, Trains.
• Methane: (9%) methane, comes form landfills, coils, oil and gas
operations and agriculture.
• Nitrous Oxide: (5%) Emitted from burning fossils fuels and through the
use of certain fertilizers and industrial processes.
• Human Made Gases: (2%) Released as byproducts of industrial
processes and through leakage.

9. GLOBAL WARMING MEANING
Global warming is an average
increase in the temperature of the
atmosphere. It happens when
greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide,
water vapor, nitrous oxide, and
methane) trap heat and light from
the sun in the earth’s atmosphere.
Global warming can occur from a
variety of causes, both natural and
human induced .

13. The ice of the Arctic region is disappearing.
Summer in the Arctic could be ice free within
80 years. Melting of two massive ice sheets in
Antarctica and Greenland will lead to Rise in
sea levels

14. Warmer temperatures increase the energy
of the climatic system and can lead to
heavier rainfall in some areas. Scientists
project that climate change will increase
the frequency of heavy rainstorms, putting
many communities at risk for devastation
from floods

15. Warmer temperatures could increase the
probability of drought. Greater evaporation,
particularly during summer and fall, could
exacerbate drought conditions and
increase the risk of wildfires.

16. Hurricanes - As the temperature of the oceans
rises there is more probability for frequent and
stronger hurricanes

17. Volcanoes-release SO2, Cl2, HCl, H2O, Ash,
and CO2 into the atmosphere. Over the past 100
years, the earth has warmed about one degree
Fahrenheit. Volcanoes releases tons of gases
into atmosphere

18. Climate change is a severe outcome of
excessive cutting down of trees. It results
in an increase in the amount of carbon and
other greenhouse gases in the
environment.

19. Droughts and heat waves - Although some
areas of Earth will become wetter due to
global warming, other areas will suffer serious
droughts and heat waves.

20. Diminished food and water supplies
Reduced rainfall, severe droughts and loss of
soil fertility affects food and water supplies
It leads to disease, malnutrition, starvation and,
ultimately, death.

21. Tsunamis - Extremely heavy, massive glaciers
apply a considerable amount of pressure to the
Earth’s surface underneath them.
Diminished glaciers causes‘ freeing up’ of
tectonic masses and leads to massive earthquakes
and deadly tsunamis.

23. Ecosystem Shifts Increasing global temperatures are expected to disrupt ecosystems, pushing to
extinction those species that cannot adapt. Approximately 20 to 30 percent of plant and animal
species assessed so far are likely to be at increased risk of extinction if global average temperature
increases by more than 2.7 to 4.5 degrees Fahrenheit.

24. Power plant - Burning of fossil fuels (Coal, oil and natural
gas) for the purpose of electricity generation which releases
CO2, CO, CH4, NOx.
Transportation/ Air pollution - Emission from motor fuel
accounts for 60% of carbon emissions over the past 20 years.
Construction of Building causes global warming because
use of electricity increases, CO2 emissions from raw materials
for building, Garbage can liberate CO2 oxide and other gases
Fertilizers and Chemical Industry- Thinning of ozone
layer or ozone hole is due to man-made chemicals like
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC )

25. Plastics - Manufacture of plastics uses a lot of energy and
releases pollutants. It do not biodegrade in the environment .
Incineration produces more greenhouse gases.
Acidic oceans - Higher levels of CO2 causes ocean
acidification , It is bad for coral reefs and other species.
Economic consequences - Natural calamities like floods ,
hurricanes etc causes damage to life, infrastructure etc.
Billions of dollars are required for rehabilitation
The 7 cross-cutting thematic priorities are:
• Climate change Management
• Disasters Mitigation and Conflict Avoidance
• Ecosystems Management
• Environmental Governance/ Regulations
• Harmful hazardous waste Reduction
• Resource efficiency and Recycling
• Sustainable consumption and production

27. IS GLOBAL WARMING REALLY HAPPENING
• The atmosphere is complex and
any model for understanding it
must include astronomical,
meteorological, geological, and
biological factors; Ex. sunspots,
wind and air circulation, cloud
cover, volcanic activity, dust and
soot, aerosols, ice sheets,
oceans, living organisms, just to
name a few.
• Climatic modeling using
computers have been relatively
accurate in predicting the
changes in global temperatures,
and that the temperature of our
atmosphere is slowly rising, yet
experts still disagree on the
impact of such a “minute”
increase (0.5o
over the last
century).

32. Largest glacier in South America is disappearing at a rate of 200
meters each year.

33. Melting Glaciers – Mt. Kilimanjaro

37. PREVENTION IS POSSIBLE IF YOU
ACT