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Issues in Late Woodland Period Subsistence on the Delaware River
1. Issues in Late Woodland Period
Subsistence on the Delaware
River:
Results from the Scudder Falls
Bridge Project
John W. Lawrence
Dr. William Hilgartner
Byways to the Past
July, 2012
2. Late Woodland Subsistence on the Delaware River
Geographic Setting
ECOTONE
Riparian
At limits of tidal zone
Terrestrial
Margin of Coastal Plain and
Piedmont
3. Late Woodland Subsistence on the Delaware River
Topographic Setting
Common characteristics in site
location:
T2 terrace
Confluence of small feeder
stream and river
Differences:
Temporal (Late Woodland
River Road)
All phases between Middle
Archaic and Late Woodland
represented at the RCW site
Deep Excavation at River
Road
8. Late Woodland Subsistence on the Delaware River
Center Terrace Swale
Feature 4
Tool cache
Chipping station
Woodworking
Living Surface
Dense artifact
concentration
Fossil pollen,
phytoliths,
protein residue
Seeds and other
plant remains
9. Late Woodland Subsistence on the Delaware River
Late Woodland Cache
Feature 4
Tool cache
Chipping station
Tools Used for Woodworking
10. Late Woodland Subsistence on the Delaware River
Late Woodland Living Surface
Living Surface and
buried A-horizon
Living Surface
Flags marking artifact
locations
Soil staining
Three separate
clusters of artifacts
3-D View
Vertical perspective
11. Late Woodland Subsistence on the Delaware River
Buried A-horizon and Late Woodland Living Surface
Subsistence
Indicators:
Maize pollen
Wild grape pollen
Sunflower nutmeat
Chenopodia seeds
Blackberry seeds
Hickory nut shells
Ceramic
Maize starch
Sunflower phytolith
Scraper
Rodent antiserum
Levanna point
Fish antiserum
Pestle
Grape pollen
Netsinkers
12. Late Woodland Subsistence on the Delaware River
Periods of Site Occupation
Occupation Context Subsistence Remains Activities Season
Fish, turtle, mammal, mussel
Storage pit Chenopodium album, blackberry,
pokeweed
Maize, tobacco, oak, sunflower, hickory,
cocklebur
Storage, general Late summer,
AD 1160-1270 Tool Cache N/A subsistence fall
Maize
Ceramic vessel Sunflower
Squash (?)
Shad, rodent, sunflower nutmeat, mussel;
AD 1330-1440 Living Surface Fishing, general subsistence Spring, summer
Net sinkers
AD 1440-1660 Living Surface Net sinkers Fishing, general subsistence Spring, summer
13. Late Woodland Subsistence on the Delaware River
Middle Delaware River Settlement Pattern
Winter-spring
microband camp
Summer-fall
macroband camp
Winter-spring
transient camp
Summer-fall
transient camp
Year round
rockshelter and
winter/spring
microband camp
Year round
rockshelter
14. Late Woodland Subsistence on the Delaware River
Chenopodium album
Lamb’s quarters or
Goosefoot
C. album seeds
16. Late Woodland Subsistence on the Delaware River
Reeder’s Creek West Site
Feature 27,
Hearth
Early/Middle
Woodland period
C. album present
Feature 44,
Hearth
Early/Middle
Woodland period
C. album present