Solid waste management

1. Integrated Solid Waste Management
1
Mushtaq Ahemd MEMON
International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC)
OSAKA - JAPAN

2. UNEP
UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL
PROGRAMME
DTIE
DIVISION OF TECHNOLOGY,
INDUSTRY AND ECONOMICS
IETC
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
TECHNOLOGY CENTER
provides leadership and encourages
partnership in caring for the environment.
encourages decision makers to develop
and implement policies, strategies and
practices that are cleaner, safer and
efficient.
promotes and implements
Environmentally Sound Technologies
(ESTs)
• Disaster Prevention
• Waste Management
• Water and Sanitation
UNEP/DTIE/IETC

3. 3
IETC Activities on Waste
• UNEP GC decision 26/L2 on Chemicals and Waste Management
• UNEP GC decision 25/8 on Waste
• UNEP Programme of Work
• Basel 9th COP on Waste Management: Bali Strategic Plan for
Technology Support and Capacity-building
• Millennium Development Goals
• CSD 18 and 19 on Waste
• Support to MEAs
Global Partnership on
Waste Management
Information Platform on
Waste Management
Field Projects:
•Integrated Solid Waste Management
•E-waste
•Waste Plastics
•Waste Agricultural Biomass
Normative function:
•Guidelines and training
•Waste and climate change
•Compendium of technologies

4. GDP & Waste Generation

5. 5
Waste Generation

6. Challenges and Opportunities
• Cities with increase in economic activities - enormous levels
of waste including hazardous and toxic wastes
• Changing lifestyles - composition of waste is also changing
• A growing realization of the negative impacts that wastes on
environment, land, human health, climate and so on
• Complexity, costs and coordination of waste management has
necessitated multi-stakeholder involvement in every stage of
the waste stream. This calls for an integrated approach to
waste management.
• Local Governments are now looking at waste as a business
opportunity, (a) to extract valuable resources contained
within it that can still be used and (b) to safely process and
dispose wastes with a minimum impact on the environment

7. Defining ISWM
Integrated solid waste management refers to
the strategic approach to sustainable
management of solid wastes covering all
sources and all aspects, covering generation,
segregation, transfer, sorting, treatment,
recovery and disposal in an integrated manner,
with an emphasis on maximizing resource use
efficiency.

8. 8
Integrated Solid Waste Management
Life-cycle Perspective
Natural Resources
Recycled Resources
Production
Consumption
(products & services)
Discarding
(Products / waste)
Treatment
Final disposal
Reduction
Sustainable
consumption
Reuse
Material
Recycling
Proper disposal
Proper treatment
and recovery
Directly
Recycled
Resources
Direct
Consumption
Reduction

9. 9
Integrated Solid Waste Management
Generation-Source Perspective
Residential
Collection of Waste
Segregation of Waste
Recycling waste
(organic & inorganic)
Waste Exchange
Discarded waste
Treatment
Recovery
Final waste
Final disposal
Hazardous Waste for
Treatment & Disposal
3R
Services
(Healthcare, Laboratory, etc.)
Industrial &
Commercial
3R 3R
Energy
Resources
Plastics, wood, steel,
paper, glass, and
compost/biogas
Sanitary Landfill,
Incineration
Methane & heat

10. 1
0
Integrated Solid Waste Management
Stakeholders/Management Perspective
Waste Generators
(Residents,
industries & services)
3R
SWM service providers
(Collection, segregation,
transportation of recycling
and non-recycling waste,
treatment (sanitary landfill &
incineration) and disposal
Government
(Local and national
government
departments)
Waste generation
Collection,
transportation &
segregation
Effective regulations &
financial mechanisms
for generators, service
providers & businesses
Waste disposal
regulations
Treatment &
final disposal
Recycling,
composting and
energy
Businesses
(To generate
compost, energy,
and recycling
materials/products)
Technological
innovations &
development

11. Benefits of ISWM
Cleaner and safe neighborhoods
Higher resource use efficiency
Resource augmentation
Savings in waste management costs due to reduced levels of
final waste for disposal
Better business opportunities and economic growth
Local ownership & responsibilities / participation
Turning vicious circle into virtuous circle

12. 1
2
ISWM Coverage
Geographical and administrative boundaries
Jurisdiction (municipal, industrial) limits
Institutions involved and administrative mandate
Sectors and sub-sectors: (residential ,
commercial, industrial, urban agriculture,
healthcare, construction debris, and sludge)
Waste streams (hazardous and non-hazardous)
Recyclable and non-recyclable waste

13. Benefits of ISWM
Cleaner and safe neighborhoods
Higher resource use efficiency
Resource augmentation
Savings in waste management costs due to reduced levels of
final waste for disposal
Better business opportunities and economic growth
Local ownership & responsibilities / participation
Turning vicious circle into virtuous circle

14. 1
4
ISWM Plan
• An ISWM Plan per se is a package consisting of a
Management System including:
Policies (regulatory, fiscal, etc.),
Technologies (basic equipment and operational aspects)
Voluntary measures (awareness raising, self regulations)
• A Management System covers all aspects of waste
management; from waste generation through collection,
transfer, transportation, sorting, treatment and disposal.
• Data and information on waste characterization and
quantification (including future trends), and assessment
of current solid waste management system for
operational stages provide the basis for developing a
concrete and locality-specific management system.

15. Process to Develop ISWM Plan

16. Development of
Sub-management Systems
1. Generation Level
2. Collection & Transportation
3. Sorting, Treatment and Recovery
4. Final Disposal

17. 1
7
Outline of ISWM Plan
Source wise
quantity & quality
Generation Current Level To Future Projection
Targets & Issues of Concerns
Pre-generation (SCP: CP,WM, DfE)
Post-generation (Reuse/Recycle at Source)
Segregation at Source for Primary Disposal
Collection (Storage Transfer & Transportation)
Primary Collection – From Generation Source
Secondary Collection – From Transfer Station
Management System
Technological
Policy (regulatory, fiscal)
Voluntary
Sorting, Treatment
Transfer Stations and Treatment Plants
(Biological, Thermal, Chemical)
Recovery (Materials & Energy)
Final Disposal
Current Systems
and Gaps therein
Management System
Technological
Policy (regulatory, fiscal)
Voluntary
Targets & Issues of Concerns
Segregated or Mixed For Storage/Collection
Level of Sorting at Transfer Stations
Current Systems
and Gaps therein
Targets & Issues of Concerns
Sorting for Material Recovery
Treatment for Energy Recovery and Disposal
Management System
Technological
Policy (regulatory, fiscal)
Voluntary
Current Systems
and Gaps therein
Targets & Issues of Concerns
Recovery of landfill gas
Collection and treatment of leachate
Reclamation of land
Management System
Technological
Policy (regulatory, fiscal)
Voluntary
Constraints
Technical, Economic,
Social, Policy
Constraints
Technical, Economic,
Social, Policy
Constraints
Technical, Economic,
Social, Policy
Constraints
Technical, Economic,
Social, Policy
Management
System
Implementation Strategy
Monitoring & Feedback

18. 1
8
Activities on ISWM
1. Role of IETC
• Implementation of ISWM projects with local partners
• Local capacity building - training & field activities
• Normative function – Training, Compendia, Lessons
2. IETC Projects on ISWM
– ISWM Plan for Wuxi New District, PRC
– ISWM Plan for Pune City, India
– ISWM Plan for Maseru City, Lesotho
– ISWM Plan for Matale, Sri Lanka
– ISWM Plan for Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
– ISWM Plan for Nairobi, Kenya
– ISWM Plan for Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
– ISWM Plan for Pathum Thani, Thailand (on-going)
– ISWM Plan in Indonesia (starting soon)
– ISWM Plan for Addis Ababa (under consideration)

19. 1
9
UNEP Strategy for ISWM
1. Within UNEP
ISWM activities to support Bali Strategic Plan on
Capacity Building and Technology Support & to
assist in UNEP Waste Strategy & Action Plan
2. Beyond UNEP
ISWM as one of the sub-focal areas under the
Global Partnership on Waste Management
Partnership (GPWM) to:
develop partnerships with multilateral & bilateral
donors to support implementation of ISWM Plans
develop partnerships with other organizations working
for Waste Management – complimenting & multiplier
effect for wider coverage of International Cooperation

20. Lessons
• Top level political commitment as well as
interest and commitment of local
authorities is crucial to the success of
project
• Baseline data is usually not available and
requires considerable time and resources
• Local project teams are very essential
• It is very difficult to get cost related date in
current waste management systems

21. Lessons … contd.
• Stakeholder consultation provides vital
information and greatly improve local ownership
• ISWM approach being new requires continuous
capacity building in partner institutions
• Benefits of proper waste management should be
looked not just from environmental perspective
but economic and social benefits should also be
factored in
• Continuous follow-up is required to support
implementation

22. 2
2
Thank You…
Osaka
2-110 Ryokuchi Koen,
Tsurumi-ku,
Osaka 538-0036, Japan
Tel : +81 (0) 6 6915 4581
Fax : +81 (0) 6 6915 0304
E-mail : unep.tie@unep.org
Web: http://www.unep.or.jp
International Environmental
Technology Centre