here i have given a composition,types and method of manufacturing glass hope will help u

1. MANUFACTURE OF GLASS

2. SYNOPSIS
• INTRODUCTION
•TYPES
•METHODS

3. THE GLASS WAS DISCOVERED IN THE
REGION OF SYRIA AROUND 5000BC
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

4. •The glass was first discovered in the region of
syria around 5000 BC
•It is an amorphous compound
•It is also known as super cooled liquid
•It has no melting point
•It has high viscosity which prevents from
crystallizing

5. TYPES OF GLASS MATERIAL

6. Variety of ophthalmic glass material
 Crown glass >>>>> RI= 1.523
 Barium crown glass >>>>> RI= 1.6
 Borosilicate crown glass >>>>> RI= 1.53
 Flint glass >>>>> RI= 1.75

8. COMPOSITION OF CROWN
GLASS

9.  70% of silica [si]
12% of calcium oxide (or) lime [cao]
15% of sodium oxide [Nao]
Small percentages of following compound acts as
refining materials which improves the quality of
glass
Potassium [Ka]
Borax [Na2B4O7.10H2O]
Antimony [sb]
Arsenic [As]

10. CROWN GLASS

11. COMPOSITION OF BARIUM
CROWN GLASS

12. 35% of barium oxide[Bao]
30%of silica[Si]
Small percentage of following materials
Lime[Cao]
Zinc[Zn]
Alumina[Al]
Borax[Na2B4O7.10H2O]
NOTE:the effect of barium oxide is to increase
the refractive index

13. BARIUM CROWN GLASS

14. BOROSILICATE CROWN GLASS

15. • Borosilicate crown glass is used for
windows,lenses and prisms
• Transmission ranges between 0.4µm to
1.4µm

16. BOROSILICATE CROWN GLASS

17. COMPOSITION OF FLINT GLASS

18. 60% of lead oxide
30% of silica
8% of soda and potash
Small percentage of arsenic and antimony
NOTE:the effect of lead oxide is to increase the
refractive index

19. FLINT GLASS

20. METHODS

21. There are two methods of manufacturing of glass
Individual batch method
Continuous flow method

22. • Six stages are common in both method
Mixing
Melting
Fining
Stirring
Forming
Annealing

23. THANK YOU 

24. REFERENCE:
 http://www.historyofglass.com/
 http://www.pfg.co.za/all-about-glass.aspx
 http://www.slideshare.net/Alizeeshansuhail/spectacle-
lens-materials
 http://www.janostech.com/knowledge-center/optical-
materials-guide/borosilicate-crown-glass-bk-7.html
 The principles of ophthalmic lenses- M.jalie